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Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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秋 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火 (HDF), four-corner 29980, composition ⿰禾火)
Historical forms of the character 秋 | |||||
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Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
The oracle bone forms and bronze inscriptions show the pictogram (象形) of a cricket or a locust, sometimes with a fire 火 glyph underneath. In its later form, became a Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sʰɯw) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + abbreviated phonetic 𤒅 (). Often thought of as an Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 禾 (“grain”) + 火 (“fire”); after harvesting the grain, the fields are burned to kill locusts and their eggs.
trad. | 秋 | |
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simp. # | 秋 | |
alternative forms |
Unclear.
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *tshiu < Proto-Chinese *C-nh(i)u and proposes its cognacy to either:
Alternatively, Sagart (2023b) relates 秋 (OC *tsʰiw) to 揫 (OC *iw, “to collect, bring together”), whose Old Chinese reconstruction should possibly be amended to *m-tsʰiw or *m-tsiw.
Variety | Location | 秋 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sʰiou²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰiou²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕʰiɯ⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰiou³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰʰiəu⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡sʰiəɯ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiɯ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰiø³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰɤu³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiu³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰiu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰiəu³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡sʰiəɯ³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /t͡sʰiu²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɐu⁵³/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰieu⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰiu³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /siu²³/ |
秋
Seasons in Mandarin · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
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春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
For pronunciation and definitions of 秋 – see 鞦 (“swing”). (This character is the simplified form of 鞦). |
Notes:
|
Kanji in this term |
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秋 |
あき Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
⟨aki1⟩ → */akʲi/ → /aki/
From Old Japanese.
Likely cognate with 明き (aki, “bright”), 赤 (aka, “red”), 飽きる (akiru, “to become full up”, possibly in reference to the harvest), 空く (aku, “to become empty”), 開く (aku, “to open up”). However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.
Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
春 (haru, “spring”) 春季 (shunki, “spring”) 春期 (shunki, “spring period”) |
夏 (natsu, “summer”) 夏季 (kaki, “summer”) 夏期 (kaki, “summer period”) |
秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋季 (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋期 (shūki, “fall period”) |
冬 (fuyu, “winter”) 冬季 (tōki, “winter”) 冬期 (tōki, “winter period”) |
From Middle Chinese 秋 (MC tshjuw).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 츄ᇢ (Yale: chyùw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆯ (Yale: kòzòl) | 츄 (Yale: chyù) |
Kanji in this term |
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秋 |
あち Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 秋 (aki, “autumn”).
秋 (achi)