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秦 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 (QKHD), four-corner 50904, composition ⿱𡗗禾)
trad. | 秦 | |
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simp. # | 秦 | |
alternative forms | 𥠼 𣜈 𥘿 𥢮 𥣠 |
Historical forms of the character 秦 | |||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen. The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form. Old Chinese *dzin may derive from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”), also recorded as *dzaʔ (Schuessler, 2007).
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the glyph is an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : abbreviated 舂 (“to pound grain”) + 禾 (“grain”) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether.
Variety | Location | 秦 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiẽ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡sʰiə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰin⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕʰiə̃²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰĩn⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰin²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰin³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰin²¹/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰĩ²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡sʰəŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ʑiŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zin¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡ʑin²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sin¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /d͡zin¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰin¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰøn²¹/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰɐn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰøn²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sin³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡siŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡seiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sun³¹/ |
秦
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Kanji in this term |
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秦 |
しん Jinmeiyō |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 秦 (MC dzin).
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はた Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Kanji in this term |
---|
秦 |
はたしん Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 秦 (Hata, see above) + 秦 (Shin, “Qin (dynasty)”, see above).
The 秦 kanji itself has a kun-reading of はた (hata).
This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 (kan'on) reading of 晋 (Shin, “Jin dynasty”), itself called 晋 (Susumu-shin). The senses are the same for Etymology 1 above.
秦 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
秦: Hán Nôm readings: tần, thái
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