稷

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稷 U+7A37, 稷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A37
← 稶
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 稸 →

Translingual

Han character

稷 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木田金水 (HDWCE), four-corner 26947, composition ⿰禾畟)

  1. god of cereals
  2. minister of agriculture

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 857, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25207
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1282, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2623, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7A37

Chinese

trad. 稷
simp. # 稷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
稷 *sklɯɡ
畟 *sklɯɡ, *skʰrɯɡ
溭 *sɡrɯɡ
謖 *sqʰruɡ

Etymology

Sagart (2008: 134-136) considers it a cognate of Proto-Austronesian *bəCəŋ (“foxtail millet”) as part of the hypothetical Sino-Tibetan-Austronesian language family. Blust (2013: 713), however, finds this comparison unconvincing because of the apparently arbitrary and phonetically unjustified fluctuation between Old Chinese *-k and Proto-Austronesian *-ŋ.

Cognates of this word are found in a handful of Tibeto-Burman languages, such as Drung tɕɑʔ⁵⁵ (“millet”) and Lhokpu cək (“Setaria italica”) (Sagart, 2008). This etymon should be kept separated from 饎 (OC *kʰljɯs), 芑 (OC *kʰɯʔ) and 穄 (OC *ʔsleds). The first two may belong to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (“millet”), while the last one may be related to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tsap (“millet”), along with Burmese ဆပ် (hcap, “Setaria italica”) and Nuosu ꏹ (jyp, “millet”) (Schuessler, 2007: 299).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 稷
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子力切
Baxter tsik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sik̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siək̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 稷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ək/
English millet (Setaria italica)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 稷
Reading # 1/1
No. 1170
Phonetic
component 		畟
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		即
Old
Chinese 		/*sklɯɡ/

Definitions

稷

  1. foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
  2. God of cereals
  3. † minister of agriculture

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Uzbek: so'k

Japanese

Kanji

稷

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • On (unclassified): しょく (shoku)
  • Kun: きび (kibi, 稷)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
稷
きび
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Noun

稷(きび) or 稷(キビ) • (kibi) 

  1. Alternative form of 黍

Korean

Hanja

稷 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

稷: Hán Nôm readings: tắc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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