究

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究 U+7A76, 究
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A76
← 穵
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 穷 →

Translingual

Han character

究 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十金大弓 (JCKN), four-corner 30417, composition ⿱穴九)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 862, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25409
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2718, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7A76

Chinese

trad. 究
simp. # 究

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 究
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
尻 *kʰuː
訄 *kʰuː, *kʰu, *ɡu
艽 *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
虓 *qʰruː
鳩 *ku
勼 *ku
九 *kuʔ
究 *kus
仇 *ɡu
鼽 *ɡu
犰 *ɡu
叴 *ɡu
厹 *ɡu
頄 *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
朹 *ɡu, *kʷrɯwʔ
馗 *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
扏 *ɡu
訅 *ɡu
釚 *ɡu
肍 *ɡu
軌 *kʷrɯwʔ
宄 *kʷrɯwʔ
氿 *kʷrɯwʔ
匭 *kʷrɯwʔ
泦 *kuɡ
旭 *qʰʷoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kus) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 究
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居祐切
Baxter kjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kuwH/
Li
Rong 		/kiuH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 究
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*(r)u(ʔ)-s/
English scrutinize; go to the end

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 究
Reading # 1/1
No. 6942
Phonetic
component 		九
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		救
Old
Chinese 		/*kus/

Definitions

究

  1. to reach the end or limit; to exhaust
  2. to study intensively; to research
    Synonym: 研 (yán)
  3. to investigate; to scrutinise
    翻刻必究 [Classical Chinese]  ―  fānkè bì jiū   ―  We will go after unauthorized reproduction.
  4. after all; actually; in fact

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

究

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. research

Readings

Korean

Hanja

究 (eumhun 연구할 구 (yeon'guhal gu))

  1. hanja form? of 구 (“examine, investigate”)

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

究: Hán Nôm readings: cứu[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. to search, to examine

Compounds

References

  1. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  2. ^ Trần (1999).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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