突破

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Chinese

to dash; to move forward quickly
to break; to split; broken
to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out
 
trad. (突破) 突 破
simp. #(突破) 突 破

Pronunciation

Verb

突破

  1. (literally, military) to breach a main defense position; to pierce; to penetrate
  2. (figuratively) to make a breakthrough

Synonyms

  • (to breach a main defense position):
  • 攻破 (gōngpò)
  • 陷 (xiàn) (literary, or in compounds)

Noun

突破

  1. breakthrough

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (突破):
  • → Japanese: 突(とっ)破(ぱ) (toppa)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
突 破
とつ > とっ
Grade: S 		は > ぱ
Grade: 5
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
突破 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

突(とっ)破(ぱ) • (toppa) 

  1. rising above, exceeding, breaking
  2. breaking through
  3. overcoming

Verb

突(とっ)破(ぱ)する • (toppa suru) suru (stem 突(とっ)破(ぱ)し (toppa shi), past 突(とっ)破(ぱ)した (toppa shita))

  1. exceed, pass, break (a level, a mark)
    4000(よんせん)人(にん)の大台(おおだい)を突破(とっぱ)した。
    Yonsen-nin no ōdai o toppa shita.
    The death toll surpassed four thousands.
  2. break through
  3. overcome

Conjugation

Conjugation of "突破する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 突破し とっぱし toppa shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 突破し とっぱし toppa shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 突破する とっぱする toppa suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 突破する とっぱする toppa suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 突破すれ とっぱすれ toppa sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 突破せよ¹
突破しろ² 		とっぱせよ¹
とっぱしろ² 		toppa seyo¹
toppa shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 突破される とっぱされる toppa sareru
Causative 突破させる
突破さす 		とっぱさせる
とっぱさす 		toppa saseru
toppa sasu
Potential 突破できる とっぱできる toppa dekiru
Volitional 突破しよう とっぱしよう toppa shiyō
Negative 突破しない とっぱしない toppa shinai
Negative continuative 突破せず とっぱせず toppa sezu
Formal 突破します とっぱします toppa shimasu
Perfective 突破した とっぱした toppa shita
Conjunctive 突破して とっぱして toppa shite
Hypothetical conditional 突破すれば とっぱすれば toppa sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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