竟

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竟 U+7ADF, 竟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ADF
← 竞
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 章 →
See also: 竞

Translingual

Han character

竟 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿日竹山 (YTAHU), four-corner 00216, composition ⿱音儿)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25757
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1301, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2710, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7ADF

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 竟
alternative forms 傹 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竟
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
滰 *ɡaŋʔ
境 *kraŋʔ
竟 *kraŋs
鏡 *kraŋs
獍 *kraŋs
樈 *ɡraŋ
璄 *qraŋʔ
摬 *qraŋʔ

Uncertain. At least three theories exist:

According to the version on bronzes and Yu Shengwu (于省吾), 辛 ("chisel to mark prisoners") + 人 ("man"); the character indicates a punishment and, according to Yu Shengwu, it is the original version of 黥. Compare the phonetic component of 接.

According to He Linyi (何琳儀), it is the contraction of the character 競.

According to Shuowen, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 音 (“sound”) + 儿 (“man”) (originally written as 舌 and 人) - a man has spoken. This interpretation is partly related to 競.

Etymology

Cognate with 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuelsser, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 竟
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居慶切
Baxter kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kiajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭɐŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ging3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 竟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*raŋʔ-s/
English end, in the end

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 竟
Reading # 1/1
No. 6869
Phonetic
component 		竟
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		敬
Old
Chinese 		/*kraŋs/

Definitions

竟

  1. to finish; to end (literary)
  2. finally; after all; at last (literary)
  3. unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly
  4. whole; entire

Synonyms

  • (unexpectedly):
Dialectal synonyms of 居然 (“unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 居然, 竟然, 竟
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 居然, 竟然
Singapore 竟然
Southwestern Mandarin Liuzhou 敢, 硬敢
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 居然
Cantonese Guangzhou 竟然
Hong Kong 竟然, 居然, 竟然間
Southern Min Xiamen 煞, 竟然
Quanzhou 煞, 竟然
Zhangzhou 煞, 竟然
Tainan 煞, 竟然
Jieyang 夰, 紲, 一回, 落, 敢敢
Wu Shanghai 居然, 竟然, 竟, 先勿先, 伊講

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

竟

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. end; final

Readings

  • Go-on: きょう (kyō)
  • Kan-on: けい (kei)
  • Kun: おわる (owaru, 竟わる)、わたる (wataru, 竟る)、ついに (tsuini, 竟に)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
竟
つい
Hyōgai
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 竟 – see the following entry.
【終つい】3
end, conclusion
end-of-life, death
Alternative spelling
遂
(This term, 竟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

竟 (eumhun 다할 경 (dahal gyeong))

  1. hanja form? of 경 (“exhaust, end”)

Vietnamese

Han character

竟: Hán Nôm readings: cánh, cạnh, giạnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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