等

Stroke order

等 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹土木戈 (HGDI), four-corner 8834₁, composition ⿱𥫗寺)

• 𠎬, 𬼑, 𠾡, 𫮨, 𢡩, 㩐, 𣛆, 𥢜, 𥪸, 𦅯, 𮖴, 𨅸, 𨬻, 𠟚, 𫂨, 𮆠, 𮆩

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 882, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25992
• Dae Jaweon: page 1311, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2962, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7B49

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs).

竹 here refers to the bamboo strips used for writing (e.g. grading, classification) in ancient times. 寺 (OC *ljɯs) was originally used phonetically; the character was subsequently borrowed for another word with the same meaning, but with no phonetic resemblance to 寺.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“top; to rise; to raise”) (STEDT). Endoactive of 登 (OC *tɯːŋ, “to rise; to ascend”) (Schuessler, 2007).

等

1. ^† to arrange bamboo slips neatly
2. rank; grade; class
3. sort; kind; type
4. (Chinese phonetics) one of the "divisions" of a rime table, encoding some phonological distinction; see Middle Chinese finals on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

   重紐三等／重纽三等  ―  chóngniǔ sānděng  ―  the third division member of a rime doublet

5. (in compounds or after a number/degree) equal; equivalent

   二乘二等四。  ―  Èr chéng èr děng sì.  ―  Two times two equals four.

   等於／等于  ―  děngyú  ―  to be equal

6. and the like; and so on; etc.; et al.

   今天晚上有話劇、唱歌、跳舞等精彩表演。 [MSC, trad.]
   今天晚上有话剧、唱歌、跳舞等精彩表演。 [MSC, simp.]

   Jīntiān wǎnshàng yǒu huàjù, chànggē, tiàowǔ děng jīngcǎi biǎoyǎn.

   Tonight there are wonderful performances like drama, singing, dancing, and more.

   • 秦二世元年七月，陳涉等起大澤中。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     秦二世元年七月，陈涉等起大泽中。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Qín èrshì yuánnián qīyuè, Chén Shè děng qǐ Dàzé zhōng.

     In the seventh month of the first year under Qin Er Shi's rule, Chen She, with others, rebelled in Dazexiang.

7. Particle indicating the ending of enumeration.

   中國有北京、上海、天津、重慶等四個直轄市。 [MSC, trad.]
   中国有北京、上海、天津、重庆等四个直辖市。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguó yǒu Běijīng, Shànghǎi, Tiānjīn, Chóngqìng děng sì ge zhíxiáshì.

   China has four direct-administered municipalities: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing.

   • 沛公則置車騎，脫身獨騎，與樊噲、夏侯嬰、靳彊、紀信等四人持劍盾步走。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     沛公则置车骑，脱身独骑，与樊哙、夏侯婴、靳强、纪信等四人持剑盾步走。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Pèigōng zé zhì chēqí, tuōshēn dú qí, yǔ Fán Kuài, Xiàhóu Yīng, Jìn Qiáng, Jǐ Xìn děng sì rén chí jiàn dùn bùzǒu.

     Duke of Pei then left behind his entourage and rode off by himself, before fleeing on foot with Fan Kuai, Xiahou Ying, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, swords and shields in hand.

8. (literary or Hakka) Plural particle used after personal pronouns or nouns.

   爾等／尔等 [Classical Chinese]  ―  ěrděng   ―  you (plural)

   𠊎等 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  ngài-tén [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  we; us

9. a surname

Others:

• → Proto-Turkic: *teŋ (“equal”) (see there for further descendants)

A medieval word, probably related to 待 (OC *dɯːʔ, “to wait”) (Wang, 1982).

等

1. to wait (for)

   你等多久了？  ―  Nǐ děng duōjiǔ le?  ―  How long have you been waiting?

   你等邊個啊？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   你等边个啊？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   nei⁵ dang² bin¹ go³ aa³?

   Who are you waiting for?

2. when (something happens at a point in time in the future)

   等我做完嘢先同你傾。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   等我做完嘢先同你倾。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   dang² ngo⁵ zou⁶ jyun⁴ je⁵ sin¹ tung⁴ nei⁵ king¹.

   Let's talk when I finish my work.

3. (Cantonese) to be in need of

   等錢使／等钱使 [Cantonese]  ―  dang² cin^4-2 sai²   ―  short of money (literally, “in need of money to spend”)

4. (Cantonese, Xiang) to let; to allow; to permit

   Synonym: 讓／让 (ràng) (Mandarin)

   等我諗下先。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   等我谂下先。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   dang² ngo⁵ nam² haa⁵ sin¹.

   Let me think a little first.

5. (Cantonese) to let (used to give notice to something in the future)

   等我一五一十話你知啦！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   等我一五一十话你知啦！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   dang² ngo⁵ jat¹ ng⁵ jat¹ sap⁶ waa⁶ nei⁵ zi¹ laa¹!

   Let me tell you in full detail!

6. (Cantonese) to cause; to make

   Synonym: 讓／让 (ràng) (Mandarin)

   細佬唔記得交學費，我專登冇提佢，等佢畀爸爸鬧餐飽。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   细佬唔记得交学费，我专登冇提佢，等佢畀爸爸闹餐饱。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   sai³ lou² m⁴ gei³ dak¹ gaau¹ hok⁶ fai³, ngo⁵ zyun¹ dang¹ mou⁵ tai⁴ keoi⁵, dang² keoi⁵ bei² baa^1-4 baa¹ naau⁶ caan¹ baau².

   My little brother forgot to pay his tuition fees. I intentionally didn't remind him of it to make him get a good scolding from Dad.

7. (Cantonese) Introduces a clause that expresses negative surprise.

   原來你哋冇一個識揸車㗎，等我仲以為實有人車我添。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   原来你哋冇一个识揸车㗎，等我仲以为实有人车我添。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   jyun⁴ loi⁴ nei⁵ dei⁶ mou⁵ jat¹ go³ sik¹ zaa¹ ce¹ gaa⁴, dang² ngo⁵ zung⁶ ji⁵ wai⁴ sat⁶ jau⁵ jan⁴ ce¹ ngo⁵ tim¹.

   It turns out that none of you know how to drive? I thought there had to be someone who would drive me.

   等你仲笑得咁開心，畀人搵咗笨都唔知。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   等你仲笑得咁开心，畀人揾咗笨都唔知。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   dang² nei⁵ zung⁶ siu³ dak¹ gam³ hoi¹ sam¹, bei² jan⁴ wan² zo² ban⁶ dou¹ m⁴ zi¹.

   You're still smiling so happily!? You were taken advantage of and you didn't know.

8. (Gan) by
9. (Hakka) Progressive particle, used after verbs to indicate the continuation of an action or a state.

   • 花樹下，開等滿滿个花。 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
     花树下，开等满满个花。 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]

     From: c.2004, 謝宇威, 花樹下

     Fâ-su hâ, khôi-tén mân-mân ke fâ. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]

     Under flowering tree, is blooming fully.

• (to wait):

• (by):

• (progressive marker):

• “等”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02997
• “Entry #8843”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
• Yik-Po Lai (2020) “Multiple functions of the Cantonese ‘wait’ verb dang2 and their historical development”, in Studies in Language, volume 44, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 917–963

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. equal
2. et cetera
3. a pluralizer

• Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kun: ひとしい (hitoshii, 等しい, Jōyō)、など (nado, 等)、なんど (nando)、ら (ra, 等)

From Middle Chinese 等 (tong^X, “step, grade”), extended to mean ... kind of thing.

• (Tokyo) とー (Atamadaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

等(とう) • (tō) 

1. et cetera

等(とう) • (-tō) 

1. rank, class, order
2. et cetera, that kind of thing, and so on

For the et cetera sense, the tō reading is somewhat more formal than the nado reading.

From earlier なんど (nando, “etc., and so forth, and such like”), from earlier 何と (nani to, “etc., and so forth, and such like”, literally “and what”), itself a compound of 何 (nani, “what”) + と (to, “and”).^[2][1][3]

• IPA^(key):

等(など) • (nado) 

1. et cetera, that kind of thing, and so on

   魚(さかな)や肉(にく)等(など)

   sakana ya niku nado

   things like fish or meat, fish and meat et cetera / and other such things

For the et cetera sense, the tō reading is somewhat more formal than the nado reading.

Often spelled in hiragana, as など.

From earlier 何と (nani to, “etc., and so forth, and such like”, literally “and what”), itself a compound of 何 (nani, “what”) + と (to, “and”).^[2][1][3]

• IPA^(key):

等(なんど) • (nando) 

1. (archaic, chiefly obsolete) et cetera, that kind of thing, and so on

Largely superseded by the nado reading above.

May be spelled in hiragana, as なんど.

From Old Japanese.

• IPA^(key):

等(ら) • (-ra) 

1. pluralizer

   我(われ)、我(われ)等(ら)、これ、これ等(ら)

   ware, warera, kore, korera

   I, we, this, these

2. qualifier, softener: around abouts

   今日(きょう)等(ら)、そこ等(ら)辺(へん)

   kyōra, sokora hen

   roughly today, that area around there

Often spelled in hiragana, as ら.

• 達 (たち, ​tachi)
• 供 (ども, ​domo)

等 (eumhun 무리 등 (muri deung))

1. hanja form^? of 등 (“rank, class, order”)
2. hanja form^? of 등 (“et cetera”)

• 등등 (等等, deungdeung, “et cetera, etc; and so on”)
• 열등 (劣等, yeoldeung, “inferiority”)

等: Hán Nôm readings: đẳng, đấng, đứng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.