箸
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Translingual
Han character
箸 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹十大日 (HJKA), four-corner 88604, composition ⿱𥫗者)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 891, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26224
- Dae Jaweon: page 1318, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2979, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7BB8
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 箸 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 觰 | *rtaːʔ, *rtaː |
| 諸 | *tjaː, *tja |
| 者 | *tjaːʔ |
| 堵 | *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ |
| 赭 | *tjaːʔ |
| 撦 | *l̥ʰjaːʔ |
| 扯 | *tʰjaːʔ |
| 闍 | *djaː, *taː |
| 奢 | *hljaː |
| 鍺 | *toːlʔ |
| 都 | *taː |
| 醏 | *taː |
| 覩 | *taːʔ |
| 睹 | *taːʔ |
| 暏 | *taːʔ |
| 賭 | *taːʔ |
| 帾 | *taːʔ |
| 楮 | *taːʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 屠 | *daː, *da |
| 瘏 | *daː |
| 廜 | *daː |
| 鷵 | *daː |
| 緒 | *ljaʔ |
| 豬 | *ta |
| 猪 | *ta |
| 瀦 | *ta |
| 藸 | *ta, *da |
| 櫫 | *ta |
| 褚 | *taʔ, *tʰaʔ |
| 著 | *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ |
| 箸 | *tas, *das |
| 儲 | *da |
| 躇 | *da |
| 櫧 | *tja |
| 藷 | *tja, *djas |
| 蠩 | *tja |
| 煮 | *tjaʔ |
| 渚 | *tjaʔ |
| 煑 | *tjaʔ |
| 陼 | *tjaʔ |
| 翥 | *tjas |
| 署 | *djas |
| 薯 | *djas |
| 曙 | *djas |
| 書 | *hlja |
| 暑 | *hjaʔ |
| 鐯 | *taɡ |
| 擆 | *taɡ |
| 櫡 | *taɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tas, *das) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
箸 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 櫡 筯 筷 Min | |
The Classical Chinese word for "chopsticks". It has been replaced by 筷子 (kuàizi) in many dialects for taboo reasons, avoiding homophony with 住 (zhù, “stopping”) in boatmen's language. Still used in almost all Min dialects and sporadically in other topolects, such as Southern Wu topolects including Wenzhounese.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zu4
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): dṳ̄
- Eastern Min (BUC): dê̤ṳ
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dy5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
- Wade–Giles: chu4
- Yale: jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zu4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zyu6
- Yale: jyuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzy6
- Guangdong Romanization: ju6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡syː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu
- Hakka Romanization System: cu
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: chu˖
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰu³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /ty⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dê̤ṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tøy²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dy5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ty²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Changtai, Jinjiang, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen, Singapore, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tū
- Tâi-lô: tū
- Phofsit Daibuun: du
- IPA (Taipei): /tu³³/
- IPA (Penang): /tu²¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐ
- Tâi-lô: tǐ
- IPA (Longyan): /ti⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǐr
- Tâi-lô: tǐr
- IPA (Lukang): /tɨ³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: de7 / du7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̄ / tū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɯ¹¹/, /tu¹¹/
Note:
- de7 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- du7 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
Note:
- du1 - vernacular;
- zu7 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: drjoH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*<r>ak-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*das/
Definitions
箸
- (literary or regional) chopsticks (Classifier: 雙／双; 奇 md mn)
- 飯黍毋以箸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Fàn shǔ wú yǐ zhù.
- Do not use chopsticks in eating millet.
饭黍毋以箸。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 紂王有一日得著一雙象牙ê箸，伊ê人臣箕子看了不止憂悶驚惶。 [Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 1916, anon., Tùi小可會知大項
- Tiū-ông ū chi̍t ji̍t tit-tio̍h chi̍t siang chhiūⁿ-gê ê tī, i ê jîn-sîn Kî-chú khòaⁿ-liáu put-chí iu-būn kiaⁿ-hiâⁿ. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- One day, King Zhou got a pair of ivory chopsticks. His official Jizi saw that and became incessantly worried and frightened.
纣王有一日得着一双象牙ê箸，伊ê人臣箕子看了不止忧闷惊惶。 [Hokkien, simp.]
- (Min) chopstick-shaped object
- 冰箸 [Eastern Min] ― bĭng-*dê̤ṳ / [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA] ― ice lolly
- (literary or Southwestern Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for an amount of food held with a pair of chopsticks: chopstickful
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 筷子 (“chopsticks”)
Dialectal synonyms of 筷子 (“chopstickful”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 筷子 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 箸子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 箸 |
| Hong Kong | 箸 | |
| Taishan | 箸 | |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 箸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 筷 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 筷 | |
Compounds
- 一箸
- 下箸
- 倒箸
- 借箸
- 元箸
- 六箸
- 冰箸 (bīngzhù)
- 前箸
- 劉備失箸／刘备失箸
- 動箸／动箸
- 匕箸
- 回魚箸／回鱼箸
- 土箸
- 失匕箸
- 失箸
- 奇箸
- 張良借箸／张良借箸
- 攑箸／𫽥箸
- 放箸
- 析箸
- 杯箸
- 止箸
- 沙箸
- 淵箸／渊箸
- 火箸 (huǒzhù)
- 無下箸處／无下箸处
- 牙箸
- 犀箸
- 玄箸
- 玉箸 (yùzhù)
- 白箸
- 眾箸／众箸
- 碗箸 (wǎnzhù)
- 科斗箸
- 竹箸
- 箸仔
- 箸作
- 箸匕
- 箸土傅籍
- 箸奇
- 箸子 (zhùzi)
- 箸撰
- 箸瓶
- 箸筒
- 箸筩／箸筒
- 箸簍／箸篓
- 箸籠／箸笼 (zhùlóng)
- 箸論／箸论
- 箸豆
- 箸述
- 箸錄／箸录
- 箸長碗短／箸长碗短
- 箸隻／箸只
- 箸雙／箸双
- 箸鞭
- 籌箸／筹箸
- 罷箸／罢箸
- 聞雷失箸／闻雷失箸
- 臨食廢箸／临食废箸
- 舉箸／举箸 (jǔzhù)
- 藉箸代籌／借箸代筹
- 論箸／论箸
- 象箸 (xiàngzhù)
- 象箸玉杯 (xiàngzhùyùbēi)
- 超超玄箸
- 較箸／较箸
- 運箸／运箸
- 運籌借箸／运筹借箸
- 顯箸／显箸
- 食箸
- 飯飽丟箸／饭饱丢箸
- 飯飽弄箸／饭饱弄箸
- 髹箸
Descendants
- → Baha: daau³³ (“chopsticks”)
- → Bouyei: deh (“chopsticks”)
- → Burmese: (via Min Nan) တူ (tu, “chopsticks”)
- → Korean: 저 (箸, jeo) > 젓가락 (jeotgarak, “chopsticks”)
- → Lao: ຖູ່ (thū) > ໄມ້ຖູ່ (mai thū, “chopsticks”)
- ⇒ Lolopo: azzu (“chopsticks”)
- → Lü: ᦏᦴᧈ (ṫhuu¹) > ᦙᦺᧉᦏᦴᧈ (may²ṫhuu¹, “chopsticks”)
- → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *drouH (“chopsticks”)
- → Nuosu: ꎋ (rrup, “chopsticks”)
- → Sui: zuh (“chopsticks”)
- → Vietnamese: đũa (“chopsticks”)
- → Zhuang: dawh (“chopsticks”)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 箸 – see 著 (“to attach to; to stick to; to adhere to; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 著). |
References
- “箸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
箸
Readings
From Middle Chinese 箸 (MC drjoH); compare Mandarin 箸 (zhù):
From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 箸 (zhuó):
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: はし (hashi, 箸, Jōyō)、あらわす (arawasu, 箸す)、きる (kiru, 箸る)、つく (tsuku, 箸く)
- Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、つく (tsuku)
Compounds
- 菜箸 (saibashi)
- 割り箸 (waribashi)
- 箸置き (hashioki, “chopstick rest”)
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 箸 |
| はし Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasuy (compare Ainu パスイ (pasui)). Possibly related to 嘴 (“beak”) or 端 (“tip”).
Pronunciation
- Homophones: 嘴, 觜
Noun
See also
- おてもと (otemoto)
Descendants
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
箸 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
箸: Hán Việt readings: trứ[1][2][3], trợ[1][3]
箸: Nôm readings: đũa[4][5][6], trứ[5], chước[5], giạ[5]
- Nôm form of đũa (“chopstick(s)”).