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缺. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
缺, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
缺 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
缺 you have here. The definition of the word
缺 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
缺, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
缺 (Kangxi radical 121, 缶+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人山木大 (OUDK), four-corner 85730, composition ⿰缶夬)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 945, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28122
- Dae Jaweon: page 1385, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2936, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7F3A
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 袂
|
*mɡʷeds
|
| 夬
|
*kʷraːds
|
| 快
|
*kʰʷraːds
|
| 駃
|
*kʰʷraːds, *kʷeːd
|
| 筷
|
*kʰʷraːds
|
| 炔
|
*kʷeːds
|
| 觖
|
*kʰʷeds, *kʷeːd
|
| 缺
|
*kʰʷed, *kʰʷeːd
|
| 蒛
|
*kʰʷed
|
| 吷
|
*qʰʷed
|
| 妜
|
*qʷed, *qʷeːd
|
| 決
|
*kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd
|
| 訣
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 抉
|
*kʷeːd, *qʷeːd
|
| 玦
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 芵
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 赽
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 鴂
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 鈌
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 决
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 疦
|
*kʷeːd, *qʰʷeːd
|
| 蚗
|
*kʷeːd
|
| 趹
|
*kʷeːd
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷed, *kʰʷeːd) : semantic 缶 (“earthen pot”) + phonetic 夬 (OC *kʷraːds).
Pronunciation
Note:
- kiék - “incomplete”;
- kuók - “to lack”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Hsinchu, Magong, Jinjiang)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Kinmen)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Jinjiang)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- kheh/kherh/khoeh - vernacular (“to lack; vacancy”);
- khih - vernacular (“chipped part; classifier”);
- khoat - literary (“incomplete; imperfect”).
| Rime
|
| Character
|
缺
|
缺
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
| Initial (聲)
|
溪 (29)
|
溪 (29)
|
| Final (韻)
|
屑 (88)
|
薛 (82)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Checked (Ø)
|
Checked (Ø)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Closed
|
Closed
|
| Division (等)
|
IV
|
III
|
| Fanqie
|
苦穴切
|
傾雪切
|
| Baxter
|
khwet
|
khjwiet
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/kʰwet̚/
|
/kʰiuᴇt̚/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/kʰʷet̚/
|
/kʰʷiɛt̚/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/kʰuɛt̚/
|
/kʰjuæt̚/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/kʰwɛt̚/
|
/kʰwiat̚/
|
Li
Rong
|
/kʰuet̚/
|
/kʰiuɛt̚/
|
Wang
Li
|
/kʰiwet̚/
|
/kʰĭuɛt̚/
|
Bernhard
Karlgren
|
/kʰiwet̚/
|
/kʰi̯wɛt̚/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
que
|
que
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
hyut3
|
hyut3
|
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
缺
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
quē
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ khwet ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*Nə-ʷʰˁet/
|
| English
|
break; defective
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
缺
|
缺
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
| No.
|
4412
|
4430
|
Phonetic
component
|
夬
|
夬
|
Rime
group
|
月
|
月
|
Rime
subdivision
|
2
|
2
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
缺
|
闋
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kʰʷed/
|
/*kʰʷeːd/
|
Definitions
缺
- incomplete; uncompleted; deficient
- imperfect; flawed
- to lack; to be short of
- to be absent
- vacancy; gap; deficit
- (colloquial) to be mean; to be wicked
- (colloquial) to be stupid; to be dense
- (Hokkien) chipped part; broken edge (on a bowl, cup, etc.)
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for chipped parts on the edge of a container.
Synonyms
- (vacancy): 空額／空额 (kòng'é)
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “imperfect”):
- 健全 (jiànquán)
- 完善 (wánshàn)
- 完美 (wánměi)
- 工巧 (gōngqiǎo)
- 工致 (gōngzhì)
- 幼路 (Hokkien)
- 精妙 (jīngmiào)
- 精工 (jīnggōng)
- 精巧 (jīngqiǎo)
- 精彩 (jīngcǎi)
- 精細 / 精细 (jīngxì)
- 精緻 / 精致 (jīngzhì)
- 精美 (jīngměi)
- 精良 (jīngliáng)
- 細緻 / 细致 (xìzhì)
- 細膩 / 细腻 (xìnì)
- 考究 (kǎojiu)
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
缺
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 欠)
- lack
- gap
- fail
Readings
Compounds
Usage notes
In modern Japanese, 缺 is mostly replaced by 欠, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.
Korean
Hanja
缺 (eumhun 이지러질 결 (ijireojil gyeol))
- hanja form? of 결 (“be short of, lack”)
- hanja form? of 결 (“gap, deficit”)
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
缺: Hán Nôm readings: khuyết
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