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罪. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
罪, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
罪 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
罪 you have here. The definition of the word
罪 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
罪, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
罪 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田中中一卜 (WLLMY), four-corner 60111, composition ⿱罒非)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 948, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28293
- Dae Jaweon: page 1389, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2920, character 7
- Unihan data for U+7F6A
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
Old Chinese
|
罪
|
*zuːlʔ
|
辠
|
*zuːlʔ
|
𢶀
|
*zruːl
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 罒 (“net”) + 非 (“mistake”). The original version is 𦋛 and its original meaning was a net for fishing, then used instead of 辠 due to the similarity of the latter character to 皇, which represents the Emperor.
Etymology
Unclear. Possibly of Sino-Tibetan origin and cognate with Mizo sual (“(adj.) bad, evil, vile, corrupt; (v. tr.) (to attempt) to criminally assault, to rape (a woman)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): zuì (zui4)
- (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zui4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зуй (zuy, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeoi6
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): dui5
- Gan (Wiktionary): cui5
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): chhui
- (Meixian, Guangdong): cui4
- Jin (Wiktionary): zui3
- Northern Min (KCR): cò
- Eastern Min (BUC): cô̤i
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chǒe / chōe / chěr / chē
- (Teochew, Peng'im): zuê6
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zoe; 6ze
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zei5 / zei4
Note:
- chǒe/chōe - literary;
- chěr/chē - vernacular.
Note:
- zei4 - literary;
- zei5 - vernacular.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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罪
|
Reading #
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1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
zuì
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ dzwojX ›
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Old Chinese
|
/*ˁujʔ/
|
English
|
crime, offense
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
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罪
|
Reading #
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1/1
|
No.
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17981
|
Phonetic component
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罪
|
Rime group
|
微
|
Rime subdivision
|
2
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Corresponding MC rime
|
辠
|
Old Chinese
|
/*zuːlʔ/
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Notes
|
同辠
|
Definitions
罪
- crime; vice
- (theology) sin
- hardship; suffering
- fault
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
罪
(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
罪 • (tsumi)
- guilt
- sin
- offence
Adjective
罪 • (tsumi) -na (adnominal 罪な (tsumi na), adverbial 罪に (tsumi ni))
- sinful
Inflection
Stem forms
|
Imperfective (未然形)
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罪だろ
|
つみだろ
|
tsumi daro
|
Continuative (連用形)
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罪で
|
つみで
|
tsumi de
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Terminal (終止形)
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罪だ
|
つみだ
|
tsumi da
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Attributive (連体形)
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罪な
|
つみな
|
tsumi na
|
Hypothetical (仮定形)
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罪なら
|
つみなら
|
tsumi nara
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Imperative (命令形)
|
罪であれ
|
つみであれ
|
tsumi de are
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Key constructions
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Informal negative
|
罪ではない 罪じゃない
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つみではない つみじゃない
|
tsumi de wa nai tsumi ja nai
|
Informal past
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罪だった
|
つみだった
|
tsumi datta
|
Informal negative past
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罪ではなかった 罪じゃなかった
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つみではなかった つみじゃなかった
|
tsumi de wa nakatta tsumi ja nakatta
|
Formal
|
罪です
|
つみです
|
tsumi desu
|
Formal negative
|
罪ではありません 罪じゃありません
|
つみではありません つみじゃありません
|
tsumi de wa arimasen tsumi ja arimasen
|
Formal past
|
罪でした
|
つみでした
|
tsumi deshita
|
Formal negative past
|
罪ではありませんでした 罪じゃありませんでした
|
つみではありませんでした つみじゃありませんでした
|
tsumi de wa arimasen deshita tsumi ja arimasen deshita
|
Conjunctive
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罪で
|
つみで
|
tsumi de
|
Conditional
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罪なら(ば)
|
つみなら(ば)
|
tsumi nara (ba)
|
Provisional
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罪だったら
|
つみだったら
|
tsumi dattara
|
Volitional
|
罪だろう
|
つみだろう
|
tsumi darō
|
Adverbial
|
罪に
|
つみに
|
tsumi ni
|
Degree
|
罪さ
|
つみさ
|
tsumisa
|
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Suffix
罪 • (-zai)
- (law) Used after the name of an action, to form the name of a criminal charge
- 殺人罪 ― satsujin-zai ― murder (as a crime)
- 堕胎罪 ― datai-zai ― unlawful abortion
References
Korean
Hanja
罪 (eumhun 허물 죄 (heomul joe))
- hanja form? of 죄 (“sin; crime; fault”)
Vietnamese
Han character
罪: Hán Nôm readings: tội, tụi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.