羌
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
羌 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+2 in traditional Chinese, 羊+1 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿土竹山 (TGHU) or 廿手山 (TQU), four-corner 80211, composition ⿸⺶乚(G) or ⿱𦍌儿(HTJK))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 951, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28429
- Dae Jaweon: page 1393, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3125, character 3
- Unihan data for U+7F8C
Chinese
| trad. | 羌 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 羌 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 羌 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
A man 人 with two sheep horns 羊 on his head - barbarian. The character 羊 also indicates the pronunciation. See also 茍 and 美.
Etymology
Unclear.
Pulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ).
Schuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means "herders". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”).
Beckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiông
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / khiong / khiang / kiong
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
- Wade–Giles: chʻiang1
- Yale: chyāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
- Palladius: цян (cjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: goeng1
- Yale: gēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: goeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: gêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
- Hakka Romanization System: giongˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giong1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Yilan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kionn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
- IPA (Tainan): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
- Tâi-lô: khiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiang
- Tâi-lô: khiang
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
- Tâi-lô: kiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- Middle Chinese: khjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaŋ/
Definitions
羌
- (～族, ～人) Qiang people
- Name of a historical tribe in ancient China.
- muntjac (species of deer)
- 山羌 ― shānqiāng ― Reeves's muntjac
- (obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci.
- a surname
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
Korean
Hanja
羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
羌: Hán Nôm readings: cưng, gừng, khương
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.