老子
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Chinese
| old venerable |
master (honorific) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (老子) | 老 | 子 | |
| simp. #(老子) | 老 | 子 | |
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lou5 zi2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Ló-chṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): Lō̤-cṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄗˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Lǎozǐh
- Wade–Giles: Lao3-tzŭ3
- Yale: Lǎu-dž
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Laotzyy
- Palladius: Лаоцзы (Laoczy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lou5 zi2
- Yale: lóuh jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou5 dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: lou5 ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lou̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ló-chṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: loˋ ziiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lo3 zi3
- Sinological IPA: /lo³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: Lō̤-cṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃o³³⁻³⁵ (t͡s-)ʒy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Nó͘-chú
- Tâi-lô: Nóo-tsú
- Phofsit Daibuun: nofzuo
- IPA (Taipei): /nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ló-chú
- Tâi-lô: Ló-tsú
- Phofsit Daibuun: loyzuo
- IPA (Taipei): /lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lao6 ze2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lău tsṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /lau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: lawX tsiX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuʔ tsəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ruːʔ ʔslɯʔ/
Proper noun
老子
- Laozi (604–531 BCE), a Chinese philosopher, and founder of Taoism
- Laozi (also called Tao Te Ching, a book of philosophy supposedly written by Laozi)
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (老子):
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lou5 zi2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): láu-chú / láu-chír
- Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): lau2 zr
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ˙ㄗ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǎozi̊h
- Wade–Giles: lao3-tzŭ5
- Yale: lǎu-dz
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lao.tzy
- Palladius: лаоцзы (laoczy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lou5 zi2
- Yale: lóuh jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou5 dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: lou5 ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lou̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- Xiang
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: lau2 zr
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑʊ̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/
- (Hengyang)
- Middle Chinese: lawX tsiX
Pronoun
老子
- (colloquial, chiefly men's speech, sometimes humorous) I; me
- 杯，汝來前。老子今朝，點檢形骸。 [Ci, trad.]
- From: c. 12th century, Xin Qiji (辛棄疾). Admonitions to the Goblet on the Occasion of My Determination to Stay Sober (《沁園春·將止酒戒酒杯使勿近》)
- Bēi, rǔ lái qián. Lǎozi jīnzhāo, diǎnjiǎn xínghái.
- Come forth, ye goblet. Listen: from now on, I care for myself.
杯，汝来前。老子今朝，点检形骸。 [Ci, simp.]
Usage notes
When 老子 (lǎozi) is used this way, it often gives off an arrogant, angry, childish or humorous tone. Compare Japanese おれさま.
Synonyms
Coordinate terms
- 老娘 (lǎoniáng)
Noun
老子
- old man
- (slang) father; old man
- (dated or regional) son; young man (i.e. a mother scolding her son)
- 最奇怪的是昨天街上的那個女人，打他兒子，嘴裏說道：「老子呀！我要咬你幾口纔出氣！」他眼睛卻看着我。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1918, Lu Xun, A Madman's Diary
- Zuì qíguài de shì zuótiān jiē shàng de nàge nǚrén, dǎ tā érzǐ, zuǐ lǐ shuōdào: “Lǎozi ya! Wǒ yào yǎo nǐ jǐ kǒu cái chūqì!” Tā yǎnjīng què kàn zhe wǒ.
- The strangest was a woman on the street yesterday. She was hitting her son. From her mouth, I heard her say, "Young man! I'd like to take a few bites out of you just to vent my anger!" Yet, her eyes were fixed on me.
最奇怪的是昨天街上的那个女人，打他儿子，嘴里说道：「老子呀！我要咬你几口才出气！」他眼睛却看着我。 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“dad”)
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
| ろう Grade: 4 |
し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 老子 (MC lawX tsiX).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- Laozi
- the works of Laozi: synonym of 老子道徳経 (Rōshi Dōtokukyō, “Tao Te Ching”)
Usage notes
The Tao Te Ching is known in Japanese by three possible names:[3][4][5]
- 老子道徳経 (Rōshi Dōtokukyō, literally “Laozi Tao Te Ching”)
- 老子 (Rōshi, literally “Laozi”)
- 道徳経 (Dōtokukyō, literally “Tao Te Ching”)
See also
- 諸子百家 (Shoshi Hyakka)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
| ろう Grade: 4 |
し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 老子 (MC lawX tsiX), based on the literal meanings of the characters 老 (“old; an elder”) + 子 (diminutive suffix).
First attested in this use in a text from 1694.[3]
Pronunciation
Pronoun
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
| お(い) Grade: 4 |
こ > ご Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 老子 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 老子, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “老子”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
Proper noun
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
Proper noun
老子