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艦. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
艦, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
艦 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
艦 you have here. The definition of the word
艦 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
艦, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
艦 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+14 in Chinese, 舟+15 in Japanese, 20 strokes in Chinese, 21 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹卜尸戈廿 (HYSIT) or 竹卜尸一廿 (HYSMT), four-corner 28417, composition ⿰舟監)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30571
- Dae Jaweon: page 1471, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3069, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8266
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
Old Chinese
|
藍
|
*ɡ·raːm
|
襤
|
*ɡ·raːm
|
籃
|
*ɡ·raːm
|
懢
|
*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
|
儖
|
*ɡ·raːm
|
蘫
|
*ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
|
攬
|
*ɡ·raːmʔ
|
欖
|
*ɡ·raːmʔ
|
覽
|
*ɡ·raːmʔ
|
爁
|
*ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
|
擥
|
*ɡ·raːmʔ
|
灠
|
*ɡ·raːmʔ
|
濫
|
*ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
|
嚂
|
*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
|
纜
|
*ɡ·raːms
|
監
|
*kraːm, *kraːms
|
礛
|
*kraːm
|
鑑
|
*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
|
艦
|
*ɡraːmʔ
|
檻
|
*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
|
壏
|
*ɡraːmʔ
|
轞
|
*ɡraːmʔ
|
鹽
|
*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 舟 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
Etymology
"Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from 檻 (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology.
This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with 濫 (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with 鑑 (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with 檻 (MC haemX, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.
Pronunciation
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
艦
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
No.
|
6109
|
Phonetic component
|
監
|
Rime group
|
談
|
Rime subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
檻
|
Old Chinese
|
/*ɡraːmʔ/
|
Notes
|
見釋名
|
Definitions
艦
- warship
Compounds
Descendants
References
Japanese
Kanji
艦
(Jōyō kanji)
Readings
Pronunciation
Noun
艦 • (kan)
- warship
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 艦 (MC haemX).
Historical Readings
|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
|
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 |
ᅘᅡᆷ〯 (Yale: hhǎm)
|
Middle Korean
|
Text |
Eumhun
|
Gloss (hun) |
Reading
|
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 |
ᄇᆡ〮 (Yale: póy) |
함〯 (Yale: hǎm)
|
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource
艦 (eumhun 싸움배 함 (ssaumbae ham))
- hanja form? of 함 (“warship”)
Compounds
Compounds
- 함교 (艦橋, hamgyo)
- 함대 (艦隊, hamdae)
- 함렬 (艦列, hamnyeol)
- 함미 (艦尾, hammi)
- 함선 (艦船, hamseon)
- 함장 (艦長, hamjang)
- 함정 (艦艇, hamjeong)
- 함포 (艦砲, hampo)
- 군함 (軍艦, gunham)
- 모함 (母艦, moham)
- 전함 (戰艦, jeonham)
- 잠수함 (潛水艦, jamsuham)
- 쇄빙함 (碎氷艦, swaebingham)
- 항공모함 (航空母艦, hanggongmoham)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
艦: Hán Nôm readings: hạm
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