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See also:
U+8266, 艦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8266

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 137, +14 in Chinese, 舟+15 in Japanese, 20 strokes in Chinese, 21 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 竹卜尸戈廿 (HYSIT) or 竹卜尸一廿 (HYSMT), four-corner 28417, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30571
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1471, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3069, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8266

Chinese

trad.
simp. *
nonstandard simp. 𮶙

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology

"Warship (with boards installed on its four sides to defend against arrow attacks)" (Shiming) > "warship" > "ship" (Guangya). A specialised character derived from (OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms, “fence, railing, board”); see there for more on the external etymology.

This character is a classic example of historical misreadings of unfamiliar characters. The l- initial in southern dialects is probably due to confusion with (MC lamH, “to overflow”), not due to divergent evolutions of the Old Chinese cluster initial *gr- as this character is often cited as an example of. Likewise, the readings in other Chinese are misreadings, although this is more subtle. Expected Mandarin reflex is xiàn, and jiàn is due to confusion with (MC kaemH, “mirror; to reflect”). Wu and Eastern Min readings are results of confusion with (MC haemX, “doorsill”). Despite these irregularities, all the Sinoxenic readings are regular.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (149)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter haemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠamX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚamX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣamX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦaɨmX/
Li
Rong
/ɣamX/
Wang
Li
/ɣamX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣamX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haam6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6109
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡraːmʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. warship

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (かん) (kan)
  • Korean: 함(艦) (ham)
  • Vietnamese: hạm ()

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
かん
Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

(かん) (kan

  1. warship

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC haemX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅡᆷ〯 (Yale: hhǎm)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 ᄇᆡ〮 (Yale: póy) 함〯 (Yale: hǎm)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 싸움 (ssaumbae ham))

  1. hanja form? of (warship)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: hạm

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