芥子
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Chinese
| Brassica juncea | child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (芥子) | 芥 | 子 | |
| simp. #(芥子) | 芥 | 子 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄗˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jièzǐh
- Wade–Giles: chieh4-tzŭ3
- Yale: jyè-dž
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiehtzyy
- Palladius: цзецзы (czeczy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- Homophones:
介子
芥子
- (Standard Chinese)
Noun
芥子
Derived terms
Descendants
(from Early Mandarin)
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 芥 | 子 |
| からし | |
| Jinmeiyō | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 辛子 芥 |
From classical adjective 辛し (karashi), modern 辛い (karai, “spicy”).[1][2]
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 芥子 (jièzǐ).
Pronunciation
Noun
- Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
- a spice made from the kneaded seeds of the Indian mustard
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 芥子和え (karashi-ae)
- 芥子色 (karashi-iro)
- 芥子醤油 (karashi-jōyu)
- 芥子酢 (karashizu)
- 芥子漬け (karashi-zuke)
- 芥子泥 (karashidei)
- 芥子菜 (karashina)
- 芥子味噌 (karashi miso)
- 芥子マヨネーズ (karashi mayonēzu)
- 芥子油 (karashiyu)
- 芥子湯 (karashiyu)
- 芥子蓮根 (karashi renkon)
- 犬芥子 (inugarashi)
- 唐辛子 (tōgarashi)
- 江戸芥子 (Edo-garashi)
- オランダ芥子 (Oranda-garashi, “watercress”)
- 川芥子 (kawakarashi)
- 菊葉芥子 (kikuba-garashi)
- 田芥子 (tagarashi)
- 溶き芥子 (tokigarashi)
- 練り芥子 (nerigarashi)
- 浜芥子 (hamagarashi)
- 洋芥子 (yōgarashi)
- 和芥子 (wagarashi)
Proverbs
- 牛と芥子は願いから鼻を通す (ushi to karashi wa negai kara hana o tōsu, “wishing for a cow and a mustard seed to pass through the nose → wanting to suffer from a disaster”)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 芥 | 子 |
| かい Jinmeiyō |
し Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | |
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 芥 | 子 |
| かい > がい Jinmeiyō |
し Grade: 1 |
| irregular | kan'on |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
In 漢方 (kanpō, “traditional Chinese medicine”), the initial kai is voiced.[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
- (especially in traditional Chinese medicine) the seed of the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
Derived terms
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 芥 | 子 |
| け Jinmeiyō |
し Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 罌粟 |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 芥子 (MC keajH tsiX). First cited in Japanese in the early 800s in reference to the tiny seeds of the mustard or poppy plants.[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
- (prefixed to nouns) something tiny
- (archaic) Synonym of 芥子菜 (karashina): the Indian mustard, Brassica juncea
- the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum; more broadly, any other species of the Papaver genus; a poppy
- Synonym: ポピー (popī)
- Short for 芥子玉 (keshidama): a dyeing pattern with lined rows of dots
- an armor decoration in the form of studs resembling poppy seeds
- Short for 芥子坊主 (keshi bōzu): an infant hairstyle with only the hair in the top of the head unshaven, resembling the hull remains of a poppy fruit
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 芥子和え (keshi-ae)
- 芥子頭 (keshiatama)
- 芥子薊 (keshiazami)
- 芥子油 (keshi abura)
- 芥子尼 (keshi ama)
- 芥子金 (keshigane)
- 芥子鹿の子 (keshi kanoko)
- 芥子禿 (keshikamuro)
- 芥子括り (keshigukuri)
- 芥子胡麻 (keshigoma)
- 芥子粒 (keshitsubu)
- 芥子酢 (keshizu)
- 芥子人形 (keshi ningyō)
- 芥子繍い (keshinui)
- 芥子の香 (keshi no ka)
- 芥子之助 (Keshinosuke)
- 芥子雛 (keshibina)
- 芥子坊主 (keshi bōzu)
- 芥子本 (keshibon)
- 芥子餠 (keshimochi)
- 芥子焼き (keshiyaki)
- 芥子油 (keshiyu)
- お芥子 (o-keshi)
- 鬼芥子 (onigeshi)
- 小芥子 (kokeshi, “kokeshi doll”)
- 野芥子 (nogeshi)
- 花芥子 (hanageshi)
- 雛芥子 (hinageshi)
Idioms
- 芥子に須弥を蔵す (keshi ni shumi o zōsu, “store a poppy seed in Shumisen → put a large object into a tiny object”)
- 芥子を千にも割る (keshi o chi ni mo waru, “cut a poppy seed into thousands → cut into fine pieces”)
See also
Proper noun
- a surname
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “芥子・罌粟”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN