苛

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苛 U+82DB, 苛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82DB
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Translingual

Han character

苛 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿一弓口 (TMNR), four-corner 44621, composition ⿱艹可)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1022, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30785
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1481, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3187, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+82DB

Chinese

trad. 苛
simp. # 苛
alternative forms 荷 obsolete

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaːl) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 苛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡歌切
Baxter ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦa/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑ/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ho4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 苛
Reading # 1/1
No. 7460
Phonetic
component 		可
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		何
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːl/

Definitions

苛

  1. harsh; severe; exacting
    嚴苛／严苛  ―  yánkē  ―  strict and harsh
    苛責／苛责  ―  kēzé  ―  to severely criticise

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

苛

  1. (alt. form 訶／诃) to denounce; to condemn; to decry

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

苛

  1. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to put on airs; to give oneself airs
  2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) supercilious; arrogant; haughty; proud

Japanese

Kanji

苛

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. torment
  2. (chemistry) (ateji) caustic

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 苛 (MC ha).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

苛 (eumhun 매울 가 (mae'ul ga))

  1. hanja form? of 가 (“harsh”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

苛: Hán Nôm readings: hà

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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