苦瓜
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苦瓜
Chinese
bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful |
melon; claw; gourd melon; claw; gourd; squash | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (苦瓜) | 苦 | 瓜 | |
| simp. #(苦瓜) | 苦 | 瓜 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ku3 gua1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): kùgua
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): kǔguà
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fu2 gwaa1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): fu2 gwaa1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): fu2 ga1-4
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'ku3 gua1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ku2 gua1
- Northern Min (KCR): kǔ-guá
- Eastern Min (BUC): kū-guă
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hu2 gwaa1
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): ku3 gua1
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): ku3 go1*
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): ku3 gua1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kǔgua
- Wade–Giles: kʻu3-kua1
- Yale: kǔ-gwā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuugua
- Palladius: кугуа (kugua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ku3 gua1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kugua
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁵³ kua⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: kùgua
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁵³ kua/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: kǔguà
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ku3 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu¹¹⁻¹² kua³¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fu2 gwaa1
- Yale: fú gwā
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2 gwaa1
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: fu2 gwaa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu³⁵ kʷa²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fu2 ga1-4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵⁵ ka³³⁻²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'ku3 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈkʰu²¹³⁻¹³ kua⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fú-kôa
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˋ guaˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu3 gua1
- Sinological IPA: /fu³¹ ku̯a²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˊ guaˋ
- Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴⁻³³ kua⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ku2 gua1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰu⁵³ kua¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǔ-guá
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹ kua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kū-guă
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu³³⁻²¹ (k-)ua⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: hu2 gwaa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu³³ kʷa⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ku3 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁴¹ ku̯a̠³³/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: ku3 go1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁴² kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: ku3 gua1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu³³ ku̯ä⁴⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
Noun
苦瓜
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
Others:
- → English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque), bitter gourd (calque), foo qua
- → Paiwan: kawkuy
- → Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)
Further reading
- “Entry #5483”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 苦 | 瓜 |
| にが Grade: 3 |
うり Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi | |
Etymology
苦 (niga, “bitter”) + 瓜 (uri, “gourd”)
Pronunciation
Noun
苦瓜 or 苦瓜 • (nigauri)
(alternative reading hiragana にがごい, rōmaji nigagoi) (Kagoshima dialect)
(alternative reading hiragana にがごり, rōmaji nigagori) (Miyazaki dialect)
Synonyms
- 蔓茘枝 (tsurureishi)
Okinawan
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 苦 | 瓜 |
| Grade: 3 | Jinmeiyō |
Noun
苦瓜 (gōyā)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 苦 | 瓜 |
Noun
苦瓜
- chữ Hán form of khổ qua (“bitter melon; bitter gourd”).