荏

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荏 U+834F, 荏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-834F
← 荎
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 荐 →

Translingual

Han character

荏 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿人竹土 (TOHG), four-corner 44214, composition ⿱艹任)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30950
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3206, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+834F

Chinese

trad. 荏
simp. # 荏
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Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (壬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紝 *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
鵀 *nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
拰 *nɯmʔ
賃 *nɯms
任 *njɯm, *njɯms
壬 *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm
恁 *njɯm, *njɯmʔ
銋 *njɯm, *njɯmʔ
荏 *njɯmʔ
餁 *njɯmʔ
栠 *njɯmʔ
袵 *njɯmʔ
飪 *njɯmʔ
妊 *njɯms
衽 *njɯms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms).

Etymology

“a kind of big bean”
Cognate with Burmese ညံ (nyam, “the legume Sesbania cannabina”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“soft; weak”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *njam (“soft”). Cognate with Burmese ညံ့ (nyam., “soft”), Mizo nêm (“soft”). Outside Sino-Tibetan, compare Thai นุ่ม (nûm, “soft”).
Possibly related to 飪 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked”), 腍 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked; delicious”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Older theories compare the word with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 荏
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如甚切
Baxter nyimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵimX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵimX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəmX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕmX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jam5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 荏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyimX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nmʔ/ (< *num?)
English a kind of big beans

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 荏
Reading # 1/1
No. 10814
Phonetic
component 		壬
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		荏
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯmʔ/

Definitions

荏

  1. † perilla (Perilla frutescens)
  2. † a kind of big bean; big
  3. † soft; weak; yielding
  4. (Singapore Hokkien) weak; feeble; frail

Synonyms

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

荏

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

  • Go-on: にん (nin)
  • Kan-on: じん (jin)
  • Kun: え (e)

Korean

Hanja

荏 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)

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Vietnamese

Han character

荏: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫm

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