著しい

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
著
いちじる
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
著しい (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From 逸 (ichi-, “very[1][2][3][4]”) +‎ 著し (shirushi, “clear, obvious, conspicuous[2][3][5]”, a ku-adjective).

Attested in the Heian period[1][2] as a ku-adjective pronounced いちしるし (ichishirushi).[5] Since the Muromachi period, it became pronounced いちじるし (ichijirushi),[1][2] where the shirushi changes to jirushi as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Since around the Edo period,[1][3][5] it changed conjugation class and became a shiku-adjective.[2]

The modern form is from いちじるしき (ichijirushiki), the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of the Late Middle Japanese shiku-adjective いちじるし (ichijirushi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「著しい」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 著しく いちじるしく
いちじるしく
Terminal (終止形) 著しい いちじるしい
Attributive (連体形) 著しい いちじるしい
Key constructions
Informal negative 著しくない いちじるしくない
いちじるしくない
Informal past 著しかった いちじるしかった
いちじるしかった
Informal negative past 著しくなかった いちじるしくなかった
いちじるしくなかった
Formal 著しいです いちじるしいです
Conjunctive 著しくて いちじるしくて
いちじるしくて
Conditional 著しければ いちじるしければ
いちじるしければ

Adjective

著(いちじる)しい • (ichijirushii) -i (adverbial 著(いちじる)しく (ichijirushiku))

  1. significant, remarkable (having noticeable effect)

Inflection

Inflection of 著しい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 著しかろ いちじるしかろ ichijirushikaro
Continuative (連用形) 著しく いちじるしく ichijirushiku
Terminal (終止形) 著しい いちじるしい ichijirushii
Attributive (連体形) 著しい いちじるしい ichijirushii
Hypothetical (仮定形) 著しけれ いちじるしけれ ichijirushikere
Imperative (命令形) 著しかれ いちじるしかれ ichijirushikare
Key constructions
Informal negative 著しくない いちじるしくない ichijirushiku nai
Informal past 著しかった いちじるしかった ichijirushikatta
Informal negative past 著しくなかった いちじるしくなかった ichijirushiku nakatta
Formal 著しいです いちじるしいです ichijirushii desu
Formal negative 著しくないです いちじるしくないです ichijirushiku nai desu
Formal past 著しかったです いちじるしかったです ichijirushikatta desu
Formal negative past 著しくなかったです いちじるしくなかったです ichijirushiku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 著しくて いちじるしくて ichijirushikute
Conditional 著しければ いちじるしければ ichijirushikereba
Provisional 著しかったら いちじるしかったら ichijirushikattara
Volitional 著しかろう いちじるしかろう ichijirushikarō
Adverbial 著しく いちじるしく ichijirushiku
Degree 著しさ いちじるしさ ichijirushisa

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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