葡萄
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葡萄
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (葡萄) | 葡 | 萄 | |
| simp. #(葡萄) | 葡 | 萄 | |
| alternative forms | |||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pu2 tao2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): путо (puto, I-II)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pou4 tou4
- Gan (Wiktionary): pu2 tau
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): pu1 tau1
- Northern Min (KCR): bǔ-dǎu
- Eastern Min (BUC): può-dò̤ / buò-dò̤ / bù-dò̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bu-dau; 8beq-dau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bu2 dau
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ → ㄆㄨˊ ˙ㄊㄠ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: pútåo
- Wade–Giles: pʻu2-tʻao5
- Yale: pú-tau
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwu.taur
- Palladius: путао (putao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/ → /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³/
- Homophones:
葡萄
蒲桃
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pútáor
- Wade–Giles: pʻu2-tʻao2-ʼrh
- Yale: pú-táur
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwutaurl
- Palladius: путаор (putaor)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰaʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pu2 tao2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: putao
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu²¹ tʰau²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: путо (puto, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰou²⁴ tʰɔ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: pou4 tou4
- Yale: pòuh tòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: pou4 tou4
- Guangdong Romanization: pou4 tou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pu2 tau
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu²⁴ tʰau²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phù-thò
- Hakka Romanization System: puˇ toˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pu2 to2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: pu to
- Sinological IPA: /pʰu⁵⁵ tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: pu1 tau1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰu¹¹ tʰau¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǔ-dǎu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu²¹ tau²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: può-dò̤ / buò-dò̤ / bù-dò̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuo⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lo⁵³/, /puo⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lo⁵³/, /pu⁵³⁻³³ (t-)lo⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung, Penang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phû-tô
- Tâi-lô: phû-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: phu'dooi
- IPA (Penang): /pʰu²³⁻²¹ to²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/
- IPA (Kinmen): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹² to²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Magong, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phô͘-tô
- Tâi-lô: phôo-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: pho'dooi
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔ¹³⁻²² to¹³/
- (Hokkien: Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô-tô
- Tâi-lô: pô-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: poi'dooi
- IPA (Yilan): /po²⁴⁻³³ to²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phôe-tô
- Tâi-lô: phuê-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: phoe'dooi
- IPA (Tainan): /pʰue²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taichung, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pû-tô
- Tâi-lô: pû-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: pu'dooi
- IPA (Philippines): /pu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴/
- (Hokkien: rare in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pô͘-tô
- Tâi-lô: pôo-tô
- Phofsit Daibuun: po'dooi
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²³⁻³³ tɤ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /pɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pu5 to5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû thô
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Taichung, Penang, Philippines)
- Wu
Note: 5beq dau - also written as 孛萄.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bu2 dau
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu¹³ tɒu̯³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: bu daw
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*baː l'uː/
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Bactrian *bādāwa (“wine”) ; compare Persian باده (bâde, “wine”) (Schuessler, 2007; Chmielewski, 1958). Grape was introduced in China by Zhang Qian (張騫) during the Eastern Han period.
The verb sense is from 吃不到的葡萄是酸的 (“the grapes are sour anyway”)
Noun
葡萄
Synonyms
Derived terms
- 吃不到的葡萄是酸的 (chībudào de pútao shì suān de)
- 山葡萄 (shānpútáo)
- 海葡萄 (hǎipútáo)
- 紅葡萄藤／红葡萄藤
- 葡萄乾／葡萄干 (pútáogān)
- 葡萄園／葡萄园 (pútáoyuán)
- 葡萄屬／葡萄属
- 葡萄彈／葡萄弹 (pútáodàn)
- 葡萄柚 (pútáoyòu)
- 葡萄樹／葡萄树 (pútáoshù)
- 葡萄汁 (pútáozhī)
- 葡萄深碧
- 葡萄灰
- 葡萄炸彈／葡萄炸弹
- 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
- 葡萄牙共和國／葡萄牙共和国 (Pútáoyá Gònghéguó)
- 葡萄球菌 (pútáo qiújūn)
- 葡萄目
- 葡萄石 (pútáoshí)
- 葡萄科
- 葡萄糖 (pútáotáng)
- 葡萄紫
- 葡萄綠／葡萄绿
- 葡萄胎 (pútáotāi)
- 葡萄葉銀蓮花／葡萄叶银莲花
- 葡萄藤 (pútáoténg)
- 葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
- 蛇葡萄
- 西拉葡萄 (Xīlā pútáo)
- 酸葡萄 (suānpútao)
- 酸葡萄心理
Descendants
Verb
葡萄
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, slang) to be jealous; to envy
Synonyms
- 吃味 (chīwèi) (regional)
- 妒嫉 (dùjí)
- 妒忌 (dùjì)
- 妒恨 (dùhèn) (literary)
- 媢嫉 (màojí) (literary)
- 嫉妒 (jídù)
- 忌 (jì)
- 忌垢 (ji4 gou4) (Sichuanese)
- 忌妒 (jìdù)
- 怨妒 (Hokkien)
- 惡妒／恶妒 (Hokkien)
- 欣羨／欣羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
- 歆羨／歆羡 (xīnxiàn) (literary or Min Nan)
- 目空刺 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 目空赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 目紅／目红 (Xiamen Hokkien, Quanzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 目赤 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 眼氣／眼气 (nie2 qi3) (Jin)
- 眼紅／眼红 (yǎnhóng)
- 紅目／红目 (Hokkien)
- 羨慕／羡慕 (xiànmù)
- 豔羨／艳羡 (yànxiàn) (formal)
- 赤狗目 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 赤目 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
Etymology 2
Phono-semantic matching of Burmese ပူတာအို (putaui).
Proper noun
葡萄
- Putao (a town in Myanmar)
- (～鎮) Putao Township (in Myanmar)
- (～縣) Putao District (in Myanmar)
Further reading
- “Entry #10015”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- 古今农业2010年第2期 73. 再论吐 鲁番文书中葡萄名称问题
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 葡 | 萄 |
| ぶ Jinmeiyō |
どう Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 葡萄 (buo-dâu) (compare modern Mandarin pútáo), from Bactrian *bādāwa (“wine”).
Pronunciation
Noun
葡萄 or 葡萄 • (budō) ←ぶだう (budau)?
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 焦性葡萄酸 (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
- 葡萄色 (budōiro, “grape (colour)”)
- 葡萄園 (budōen, “vineyard”)
- 葡萄球菌 (budōkyūkin, “staphylococcus”)
- 葡萄栽培 (budōsaibai, “viticulture”)
- 葡萄酒 (budōshu, “wine”)
- 葡萄石 (budōseki, “prehnite”)
- 葡萄畑 (budōbatake, “vineyard”)
- 葡萄弾 (budōdan, “grapeshot”)
- 葡萄糖 (budōtō, “glucose”)
- 葡萄膜 (budōmaku, “uvea”)
- 干し葡萄 (hoshibudō, “raisin”)
- 山葡萄 (yamabudō, “crimson glory vine”)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 葡 | 萄 |
| えび | |
| Jinmeiyō | Jinmeiyō |
| jukujikun | |
Pronunciation
Noun
References
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 葡 | 萄 |
Noun
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 葡 | 萄 |
Noun
葡萄