蔡
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Translingual
Han character
蔡 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 15 strokes in traditional Chinese, 14 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 廿月人火 (TBOF), four-corner 44901, composition ⿱艹祭)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1055, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31818
- Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3282, character 10
- Unihan data for U+8521
Chinese
| trad. | 蔡 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 蔡 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𦬁 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 蔡 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰlaːds) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds).
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cai4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cai3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cai3
- Northern Min (KCR): chuo̿i
- Eastern Min (BUC): chái
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cua4 / cai4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cai4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cài
- Wade–Giles: tsʻai4
- Yale: tsài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsay
- Palladius: цай (caj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cai4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cai
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: coi3
- Yale: choi
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi3
- Guangdong Romanization: coi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: toi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰᵘɔi³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhai
- Hakka Romanization System: cai
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: caiˇ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chuo̿i
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuɛ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chái
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɑi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cua4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰua⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- cua4 - vernacular (including surname);
- cai4 - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- chhòa - vernacular (including surname);
- chhài - literary.
Note:
- cua3 - vernacular (inc. surname);
- cai3 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tshajH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥ˤat-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sʰlaːds/
Definitions
蔡
- (obsolete) weed
- (obsolete) tortoise used for divination
- (～國) (historical) Cai (an ancient Chinese state)
- 孔子遷于蔡三歲，吳伐陳。楚救陳，軍于城父。聞孔子在陳蔡之間，楚使人聘孔子。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Kǒngzǐ qiān yú Cài sān suì, Wú fá Chén. Chǔ jiù Chén, jūn yú Chéngfù. Wén Kǒngzǐ zài Chén Cài zhījiān, Chǔ shǐ rén pìn Kǒngzǐ.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
孔子迁于蔡三岁，吴伐陈。楚救陈，军于城父。闻孔子在陈蔡之间，楚使人聘孔子。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Compounds
Descendants
Japanese
Kanji
蔡
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Readings
References
- “蔡”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
Hanja
蔡 (eum 채 (chae))
蔡 (eum 살 (sal))
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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