虔
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Translingual
Han character
虔 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜心卜大 (YPYK), four-corner 21240, composition ⿸虍文)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32686
- Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2821, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8654
Chinese
| trad. | 虔 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 虔 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 虔 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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According to the Shuowen Jiezi, Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡren) : phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 虍. According to Li Xueqin (2012), the phonetic component is instead 虍 (OC *qʰaː).
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kin4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gièng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): geng2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiân
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cián
- Wade–Giles: chʻien2
- Yale: chyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kin4
- Yale: kìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: kin4
- Guangdong Romanization: kin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khièn
- Hakka Romanization System: kienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: kianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kian2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kien
- Sinological IPA: /kʰien⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: geng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛŋ¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: gjen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ra/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡren/
Definitions
虔
- reverent; devout; pious; respectful; sincere
- (obsolete) looking like a tiger walking; strong; powerful
- † to kill; to slaughter; to murder
- † to plunder; to loot; to seize
- a surname
Compounds
Etymology 2
| trad. | 虔 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 虔 | |
| alternative forms | 堅／坚 凝 | |
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiân / kian
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiân
- Tâi-lô: kiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: kieen
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian
- Tâi-lô: kian
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiefn
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Definitions
虔
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
虔
Readings
- Go-on: げん (gen)
- Kan-on: けん (ken)
- Kun: かたい (katai, 虔い)、しいる (shiiru, 虔いる)、つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 虔む)
- Nanori: たかし (takashi)、ただし (tadashi)、まさ (masa)、まさし (masashi)
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
虔 (eumhun 공경할 건 (gonggyeonghal geon))
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Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
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