蚯蚓

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Chinese

earthworm
simp. and trad.
(蚯蚓)
2nd round simp. 丘引
alternative forms 蚯螾
丘蚓
丘螾
邱蚓
邱螾
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Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what does 蚯 mean?”)

Pronunciation


Note:
  • gao6 ung2 - vernacular;
  • kiu1 ing2 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (29) (36)
Final () (136) (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter khjuw yinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨu/ /jiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰiu/ /jinX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiəu/ /jenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰuw/ /jinX/
Li
Rong
/kʰiu/ /iĕnX/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭəu/ /jĭĕnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯ə̯u/ /i̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiū yǐn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hau1 jan5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiū yǐn
Middle
Chinese
‹ khjuw › ‹ yinX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ʷʰə/ /*(r)əʔ/
English 蚯蚓 khjuw.yinX earth-worm earth-worm (khjuw.yinX)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 10525 15307
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰʷɯ/ /*linʔ/
Notes

Noun

蚯蚓

  1. earthworm (Classifier: m c)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (蚯蚓):

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
みみず
Hyōgai Hyōgai
jukujikun
Kanji in this term
めめず
Hyōgai Hyōgai
jukujikun
 ミミズ on Japanese Wikipedia

First cited to the Saibara Uta from the Heian period.[1]

The memezu form is attested from 1650, and is traditionally viewed as a pronunciation shift from mimizu.[1]

Reconstructed as ultimately from Proto-Japonic *memensu, in which case memezu may be a reversion to an older form, also preserved in many dialects. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

Noun

蚯蚓(みみず) or 蚯蚓(ミミズ) or 蚯蚓(めめず) (mimizu or memezu (counter )

  1. a worm, such as an earthworm
Usage notes
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
きゅう
Hyōgai
いん
Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 蚯蚓 (khjuw yinX). Compare modern Mandarin 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn).

Pronunciation

Noun

(きゅう)(いん) (kyūinきういん (kiuin)?

  1. a worm, such as an earthworm

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 蚯蚓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term

Noun

蚯蚓 (gu'in) (hangeul 구인)

  1. hanja form? of 구인 (earthworm)