要る
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Japanese
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 要 |
| い Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
Derived from 入る (iru, “to enter”).
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「要る」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
要る | いる | |
| Imperative (命令形) | - | - | - |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 要られる | いられる | |
| Causative | 要らせる | いらせる | |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 要ろう | いろー | |
| Negative | 要らない | いらない | |
| Negative perfective | 要らなかった | いらなかった | |
| Formal | 要ります | いります | |
| Perfective | 要った | いった | |
| Conjunctive | 要って | いって | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 要れば | いれば | |
Verb
要る • (iru) intransitive godan (stem 要り (iri), past 要った (itta))
Usage notes
Usually spelled in hiragana, with the kanji being used for formal contexts. The past form is falling out of use.[5]
Conjugation
Conjugation of "要る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 要ら | いら | ira |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 要り | いり | iri |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 要る | いる | iru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 要る | いる | iru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 要れ | いれ | ire |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 要れ | いれ | ire |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 要られる | いられる | irareru |
| Causative | 要らせる 要らす |
いらせる いらす |
iraseru irasu |
| Potential | 要れる | いれる | ireru |
| Volitional | 要ろう | いろう | irō |
| Negative | 要らない | いらない | iranai |
| Negative continuative | 要らず | いらず | irazu |
| Formal | 要ります | いります | irimasu |
| Perfective | 要った | いった | itta |
| Conjunctive | 要って | いって | itte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 要れば | いれば | ireba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 要ら | いら | ira |
| Continuative (連用形) | 要り | いり | iri |
| Terminal (終止形) | 要る | いる | iru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 要る | いる | iru |
| Realis (已然形) | 要れ | いれ | ire |
| Imperative (命令形) | 要れ | いれ | ire |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 要らず | いらず | irazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 要れど | いれど | iredo |
| Causal conjunction | 要れば | いれば | ireba |
| Conditional conjunction | 要らば | いらば | iraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 要りき | いりき | iriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 要りけり | いりけり | irikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 要りつ | いりつ | iritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 要りぬ | いりぬ | irinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 要れり 要りたり |
いれり いりたり |
ireri iritari |
| Volitional | 要らむ | いらむ | iramu |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “い・る 【入・要】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ 「お金がいった」は、おかしい？, NHK, 2017
