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Japanese

Kanji in this term
見
め
Grade: 1
irregular
Alternative spelling
看す

Etymology

From 見(み) (mi-, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “conjunctive form”) of verb 見(み)る (miru, “to see”)) + す (-su, an honorific auxilliary). According to Frellesvig, the mi- shifts to me- due to fusion with a medial -a- element.

⟨mi1 asu⟩ → ⟨me1su⟩ → */mʲesu/ → /mesu/

Pronunciation

Verb

見(め)す • (mesu) transitive godan (stem 見(め)し (meshi), past 見(め)した (meshita))

  1. (honorific) to see
  2. (honorific) to rule; to govern

Conjugation

Conjugation of "見す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 見さ めさ mesa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 見し めし meshi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 見す めす mesu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 見す めす mesu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 見せ めせ mese
Meireikei ("imperative") 見せ めせ mese
Key constructions
Passive 見される めされる mesareru
Causative 見させる
見さす 		めさせる
めさす 		mesaseru
mesasu
Potential 見せる めせる meseru
Volitional 見そう めそう mesō
Negative 見さない めさない mesanai
Negative continuative 見さず めさず mesazu
Formal 見します めします meshimasu
Perfective 見した めした meshita
Conjunctive 見して めして meshite
Hypothetical conditional 見せば めせば meseba
Classical conjugation of "見す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 見さ めさ mesa
Continuative (連用形) 見し めし mesi
Terminal (終止形) 見す めす mesu
Attributive (連体形) 見す めす mesu
Realis (已然形) 見せ めせ mese
Imperative (命令形) 見せ めせ mese
Key constructions
Negative 見さず めさず mesazu
Contrasting conjunction 見せど めせど mesedo
Causal conjunction 見せば めせば meseba
Conditional conjunction 見さば めさば mesaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 見しき めしき mesiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 見しけり めしけり mesikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 見しつ めしつ mesitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 見しぬ めしぬ mesinu
Perfect-continuative tense 見せり
見したり		 めせり
めしたり		 meseri
mesitari
Volitional 見さむ めさむ mesamu

References

  1. ^ “見す”, in デジタル大辞泉 ‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  2. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 62
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