言

Stroke order

Note that in Japanese and Korean (printed forms), the 亠 component on top is written 二 (as found in the Kangxi dictionary). In traditional/simplified Chinese and Vietnamese, the top component is written 丶. In written Japanese, the top component may be written either 一, 丶 or 丨 (small vertical stroke).

See images of
Radical 149 言

言 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜一一口 (YMMR), four-corner 0060₁, composition ⿳亠𠄠口(GHTV) or ⿱亖口(JK))

1. Kangxi radical #149, ⾔.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №56

• Appendix:Chinese radical/言
• 信, 唁, 𫭷, 娮, 𡥪, 𢚘, 𣵧, 狺, 𬯂, 這, 𭪐, 𣨌, 𤉘, 𪺞, 琂, 𫀎, 𤯆, 䂴, 𬚝, 𬜇, 𧠻, 𨡄, 𨦼, 䩧, 𬩋, 𪘎
• 䚯, 䚺, 䚿, 𫑟, 𠟸, 悥, 𬾕, 㝘, 䓂, 𣁎, 䇾, 𦎍, 𨧕, 霅, 𥕔, 㢇, 𡹼, 𤶘, 䴦, 獄, 𧗳, 㯎, 辯, 𠥇, 𠥵, 圁, 燮, 夑, 爕, 𣚞, 𤅗

• 訁／讠 (yán) (when used as a left Chinese radical).

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1146, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35205
• Dae Jaweon: page 1612, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3936, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8A00

Historical forms of the character 言
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) : 言 was created by adding a horizontal stroke to the top of the ancient version of 舌 to indicate movement of the tongue.^[1] This indicates speech, where 舌 is a mouth (口) with a tongue sticking out; hence 舌 doesn't indicate the speech, but the tongue as an organ of the body. In the modern version, another horizontal stroke (then stylized as a point) was added on top and the vertical body of the tongue disappeared. See also 音.

Shuowen erroneously analyzes the glyph as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 䇂 () + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

According to Schuessler (2007: 74) this word is derived from 語 (OC *ŋaʔ, “to speak”) + -n nominal suffix.

言

1. to say; to speak; to talk

   言語／言语  ―  yányu  ―  to speak; to tell

   三思而後言／三思而后言 [Classical Chinese]  ―  sānsī ér hòu yán   ―  Think before you speak.

2. to discuss; to comment
3. to state; to describe; to explain
4. to write down; to record
5. to ask; to inquire
6. to inform; to tell; to let know
7. spoken language; speech

   語言／语言  ―  yǔyán  ―  language

   諾言／诺言  ―  nuòyán  ―  promise

   發言／发言  ―  fāyán  ―  to make a speech

   謠言／谣言  ―  yáoyán  ―  fabricated rumor

   洋洋萬言／洋洋万言  ―  yángyángwànyán  ―  to be very lengthy (of an article, essay)

   我能留個言嗎？／我能留个言吗？  ―  Wǒ néng liú ge yán ma?  ―  Can I leave a message?

8. opinion; view; perspective
9. words; language appropriate to the occasion
10. proposal; idea; plan
11. government decree; order
12. character; word
13. sentence; writing; works
14. ^† A meaningless sentence-initial mood particle.

    • 陟彼南山，言采其蕨 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      zhì bǐ nán shān, yán cǎi qí jué

      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

15. a surname

• “言”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

1. to say
2. speech

• Go-on: ごん (gon, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
• Kun: こと (koto, 言, Jōyō)、いう (iu, 言う, Jōyō)^{←いふ (ifu, 言ふ, historical)}、ことば (kotoba, 言)

From Middle Chinese 言 (MC ngjon, “speech”).

• (Tokyo) げん (Atamadaka – )^[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key):

言(げん) • (gen) 

1. word
2. (linguistics) parole

• (parole): パロール (parōru)

• (antonym(s) of “parole”): 言(げん)語(ご) (gengo)

Cognate with 事 (koto, “thing”).^[4]

• (Tokyo) こと (Odaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

言(こと) • (koto) 

1. word

From Middle Chinese 言 (MC ngjon).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

言

Wikisource

言 (eumhun 말씀 언 (malsseum eon))

1. hanja form^? of 언 (“word”)
2. hanja form^? of 언 (“speech”)

Related to Middle Chinese 誾 (MC ngin).

言 (eumhun 심사화평할 은 (simsahwapyeonghal eun))

1. (literary Chinese) hanja form^? of 은 (“peaceful demeanor”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

1. to say
2. speech

• Kun: くとぅ (kutu, 言)、っゆん ('yun, 言ん)、いゅん (yyun, 言ん)

言(くとぅ) (kutu) 

1. word

言: Hán Nôm readings: ngôn, ngỏn, ngộn, ngổn, ngồn, ngủn

1. speech
2. word
3. to speak
4. to tell