訛
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See also: 讹
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Translingual
Han character
訛 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人心 (YROP), four-corner 04610, composition ⿰訁化)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1149, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35256
- Dae Jaweon: page 1616, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3947, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8A1B
Chinese
| trad. | 訛 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 讹 | |
| alternative forms | 吪 䚰 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 訛 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls)
Etymology
Related to 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to change”) (Schuessler, 2007). Possibly also related to 偽 (OC *ŋʷrals) (Schuessler, 2007), but see there for more.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: é
- Wade–Giles: o2
- Yale: é
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngo4
- Yale: ngòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngo4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
- Tâi-lô: gô
- Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
- Tâi-lô: ngôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ho3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hò
- Sinological IPA (key): /ho²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Middle Chinese: ngwa
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʷʰˤaj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːl/
Definitions
訛
- (literary, or in compounds) erroneous; mistaken
- (literary, or in compounds) error; mistake
- to extort; to blackmail
- Alternative form of 吪
Synonyms
- (erroneous):
Dialectal synonyms of 錯 (“wrong”)
- (error):
- 不好
- 不是
- 不韙 / 不韪 (bùwěi) (literary)
- 偏差 (piānchā)
- 問題 / 问题 (wèntí)
- 失誤 / 失误 (shīwù)
- 差失 (chāshī)
- 差池
- 差舛 (chāchuǎn) (literary)
- 差誤 / 差误 (chāwù)
- 差謬 / 差谬 (chāmiù) (literary)
- 差錯 / 差错 (chācuò)
- 疏失 (shūshī) (careless mistake)
- 紕繆 / 纰缪 (pīmiù) (literary)
- 誤差 / 误差 (wùchā) (especially in data)
- 誤謬 / 误谬 (wùmiù) (fallacy)
- 謬誤 / 谬误 (miùwù) (fallacy)
- 責任 / 责任 (zérèn)
- 過失 / 过失 (guòshī)
- 過錯 / 过错 (guòcuò)
- 錯 / 错
- 錯誤 / 错误 (cuòwù)
- (to extort):
Compounds
- 乖訛 / 乖讹
- 以訛傳訛 / 以讹传讹 (yǐ'échuán'é)
- 拿訛頭 / 拿讹头
- 擠訛頭 / 挤讹头
- 澆訛 / 浇讹
- 舛訛 / 舛讹
- 訛人 / 讹人 (érén)
- 訛傳 / 讹传 (échuán)
- 訛奪 / 讹夺 (éduó)
- 訛字 / 讹字 (ézì)
- 訛火 / 讹火
- 訛稱 / 讹称 (échēng)
- 訛脫 / 讹脱 (étuō)
- 訛舛 / 讹舛 (échuǎn)
- 訛言 / 讹言 (éyán)
- 訛言惑眾 / 讹言惑众
- 訛言課語 / 讹言课语
- 訛言謊語 / 讹言谎语
- 訛詐 / 讹诈 (ézhà)
- 訛詞兒 / 讹词儿
- 訛誤 / 讹误 (éwù)
- 訛謬 / 讹谬 (émiù)
- 訛變 / 讹变 (ébiàn)
- 訛賴 / 讹赖
- 訛錯 / 讹错
- 訛頭 / 讹头
- 訛騗 / 讹𱅝
- 訛騙 / 讹骗
- 課語訛言 / 课语讹言
- 遷訛 / 迁讹
Japanese
Kanji
訛
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Readings
- Go-on: が (ga)
- Kan-on: が (ga)
- Kan’yō-on: か (ka)
- Kun: なまる (namaru, 訛る)、なまり (namari, 訛)、あやまる (ayamaru, 訛る)
Compounds
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 訛 (MC ngwa).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅪᆼ (Yale: ngwà) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 그르될 (Yale: kulu-twoyl) | 와 (Yale: wa) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
訛 (eumhun 그릇될 와 (geureutdoel wa))
Compounds
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
訛: Hán Nôm readings: ngoa, ngỏa/ngoả
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