謹

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See also: 谨
謹 U+8B39, 謹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B39
← 謸
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 謺 →

謹 U+FA63, 謹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA63
← 謁
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 賓 →

謹 U+FABF, 謹
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FABF
← 諭
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 變 →

Translingual

Japanese 謹
Simplified 谨
Traditional 謹

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the top right component of 堇 is written 艹 instead of 廿. Due to Han unification, both characters (謹/謹) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA63) exists for the kyūjitai form of 謹.

Han character

謹 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+11 in Chinese, 言+10 in Japanese, 18 strokes in Chinese, 17 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜口廿中一 (YRTLM), four-corner 04614, composition ⿰訁堇 or ⿰訁𦰌)

Descendants

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1178, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1642, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4010, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+8B39

Chinese

trad. 謹
simp. 谨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 謹
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯnʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) – to speak caution.

Etymology

Cognate with 兢 (OC *kɯŋ, “to be cautious”), which is possibly the vocalic variant of 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to alarm”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 謹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居隱切
Baxter kj+nX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨnX/
Li
Rong 		/kiənX/
Wang
Li 		/kĭənX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 謹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kj+nX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kəʔ/
English attentive, careful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 謹
Reading # 1/1
No. 6744
Phonetic
component 		堇
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		謹
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯnʔ/

Definitions

謹

  1. prudent; cautious; careful; reverent

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai 謹
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
謹
&#xFA63;
or
謹+&#xFE00;?
謹󠄀
謹+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
謹󠄄
謹+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

謹

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 謹)

  1. be mindful of
  2. be prudent

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

References

  1. ^ “謹”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1992 (paper), page 1048 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1137 (paper), page 581 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

謹 (eumhun 삼갈 근 (samgal geun))

  1. hanja form? of 근 (“prudent, cautious”)
  2. hanja form? of 근 (“attentive”)

Compounds

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

謹: Hán Việt readings: cẩn
謹: Nôm readings: ngẩn, kín, ghín, cẩn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia