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U+8CB7, 買
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CB7

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 154, +5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 田中月山金 (WLBUC), four-corner 60806, composition )

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1206, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36708
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1669, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3633, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+8CB7

Chinese

trad.
simp.
nonstandard simp. 𧹒
alternative forms 𧵽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Spring and Autumn
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (net) + (money cowrie). The original version is 𧵽.

Baxter and Sagart (2014) consider it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声) : abbreviated phonetic (*rˤaj) + semantic (money cowrie).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej (to buy; to barter); compare Proto-Karen *breᴬ (to buy), Proto-Bodo-Garo *prai¹ (to buy), Tibetan རྗེ (rje, to exchange; to barter) (Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 1999, 2011). Benedict (1967, 1972) considers this allofam to be a result of borrowing from Austro-Tai *(m)baḷi several times into Sino-Tibetan languages.

Alternatively, Haudricourt and Strecker (1991) consider and to be borrowed from Hmong-Mien, which may have a family of verbs related to possession: *mɛjX (to buy, corresponding to ), *mɛjH (to buy, corresponding to ), *ʔ-mɛj (to grasp), *n-mɛj (to have) (Ratliff, 2010). However, Sagart (1995) argues that the direction of borrowing is more likely to be from Chinese to Hmong-Mien because Hmong-Mien does not seem to have a suffix that would give rise to the tone in the word for “to buy”. In addition to these two ways of relating the Chinese word to Hmong-Mien, Ratliff (2010) proposes common inheritance as a third option and maintains that more evidence is needed to determine which of the three explanations are correct.

The surname only appears among Taiwanese aboriginals and Hui people in Mainland China. The surname is from the Siraya name Takalomay in Taiwan or possibly from the name 買買提买买提 (Mǎimǎití, Mehmet) for Hui people.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • mā̤ - vernacular;
  • māi - literary.
Note:
  • bóe/bé - vernacular;
  • mái - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /mai²¹⁴/
Harbin /mai²¹³/
Tianjin /mai¹³/
Jinan /mɛ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /mɛ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /mai⁵³/
Xi'an /mai⁵³/
Xining /mɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan /mɛ⁵³/
Lanzhou /mɛ⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /mai⁵¹/
Wuhan /mai⁴²/
Chengdu /mai⁵³/
Guiyang /mai⁴²/
Kunming /mæ⁵³/
Nanjing /mae²¹²/
Hefei /me̞²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /mai⁵³/
Pingyao /mæ⁵³/
Hohhot /mɛ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ma²³/
Suzhou /mɑ³¹/
Hangzhou /me̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ma³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ma³⁵/
Tunxi /ma²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /mai⁴¹/
Xiangtan /mai⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /mai²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /mai⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /mɑi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mai²³/
Nanning /mai²⁴/
Hong Kong /mai¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /mai⁵³/
/bue⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mɛ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mai²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /boi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /mai²¹³/ ~办
/vɔi²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (31)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter meaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mˠɛX/
Pan
Wuyun
/mᵚæX/
Shao
Rongfen
/mæiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/maɨjX/
Li
Rong
/mɛX/
Wang
Li
/maiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/maiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
mǎi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
maai5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
mǎi
Middle
Chinese
‹ meaX ›
Old
Chinese
/*mˁrajʔ/
English buy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8727
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mreːʔ/

Definitions

  1. to buy; to purchase
      ―  mǎi le liàng xīn chē.  ―  I bought a new car.
  2. to bribe
  3. to persuade
  4. a surname

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of to buy): (mài, “to sell”)

Compounds

Descendants

  • Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mɛjX (to buy)

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to buy

Readings

  • Go-on: (me)
  • Kan-on: ばい (bai, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かう (kau, 買う, Jōyō)かふ (kafu, 買ふ, historical)

Compounds

Antonyms

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (sal mae))

  1. hanja form? of (buy)
  2. "Goguryeo" language: *me, “river, water

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: mãi, mạy, mảy, mấy, mới, mái, mải, với

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