赤
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See also: 亦
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Translingual
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Han character
赤 (Kangxi radical 155, 赤+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土中弓金 (GLNC), four-corner 40331, composition ⿱土⿻小丿(GTJKV) or ⿱土⿰𬼀𰍨(GTJKV) or ⿱土⿻小丨(H))
- Kangxi radical #155, ⾚.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/赤
- 𪜻, 哧, 𡋽, 𫰭, 㤸, 捇, 浾, 𨹮, 𫥠, 𫐨, 𣇐, 𪲒, 𭮒, 焃, 𤙮, 𭹍, 𦛘, 𭕢, 𥙼, 硳, 𦀗, 𧋒, 𧨃, 䞰, 𨁯, 𨲂, 䤲, 䬉, 𩷧
- 郝, 䚂, 頳, 𪁌, 𡘥, 𭴩, 𡨁, 䓇, 㫱, 𩭑, 𪠇, 𬏭, 𬦃, 䦝 (𬮨)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1213, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36993
- Dae Jaweon: page 1680, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3506, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8D64
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 赤 | |||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 大 (“person, big”) + 火 (“fire”) – the color of fire (a person by a fire). The original version is 𤆍.
The man on top is simplified as 土 as in 去 and 走 (< 𧺆). The fire is stylized as well, but an intermediate and obsolete variant is 灻.
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
赤 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 灻 𤆍 烾 ancient 刺 Hokkien | |
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krak (“blood; red”), whence Tibetan ཁྲག (khrag, “blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Related to 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ, “bright red”) and possibly 奭 (OC *hjaɡ, “majestic; red”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ciit6 / cah6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): chiă
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiáh / chék
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tshaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
- Wade–Giles: chʻih4
- Yale: chr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cek3 / cik3
- Yale: chek / chik
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsek8 / tsik8
- Guangdong Romanization: cég3 / qig3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛːk̚³/, /t͡sʰɪk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: cik3 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cet2 / ciak1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰet̚⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiak̚³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
Note: ciak1 - in 赤坎.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ciit6 / cah6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/, /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
Note:
- ciit6 - literary;
- cah6 - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhak
- Hakka Romanization System: cagˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cag5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰak̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: chag
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰak⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiă
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰia²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiáh / chék
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiɑʔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- chiáh - vernacular (“red and bright” (of gold));
- chék - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
- Tâi-lô: tshik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
- Tâi-lô: tshiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
Note:
- chhiah - vernacular (“red; to be naked; lean; to brown; fierce and unreasonable; poor”);
- chhek/chhiak - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsyhek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*(r)Ak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰljaɡ/
Definitions
赤
- (literary or poetic) red, crimson
- (Teochew) brown
- loyal; sincere
- 赤忱 ― chìchén ― absolutely sincere
- empty; bare
- to be naked
- (politics) revolutionary; communist; red
- 赤化 ― chìhuà ― to communize; to turn Red
- pure gold
- (Hokkien) lean (of meat)
- (Hokkien) to brown (to cook something until it becomes brown)
- (Hokkien) fierce and unreasonable; tough and unable to talk sense (especially of a woman)
- (Mainland China Hokkien) poor; impoverished
Synonyms
- (red):
Dialectal synonyms of 紅 (“red”)
- (poor):
- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮 / 困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
- 困難 / 困难
- 困頓 / 困顿 (kùndùn)
- 宋凶 (Hokkien)
- 散 (Hokkien)
- 散凶 (Hokkien)
- 散赤 (Hokkien)
- 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
- 清貧 / 清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽 / 硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
- 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
- 窮 / 穷 (qióng)
- 窮乏 / 穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
- 窮困 / 穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 窮㾪 / 穷㾪 (Hokkien)
- 窮苦 / 穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
- 窮赤 / 穷赤 (Hokkien)
- 艱苦 / 艰苦 (Hokkien)
- 苦寒 (kǔhán)
- 貧乏 / 贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧困 / 贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧寒 / 贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧瘠 / 贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
- 貧窮 / 贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧苦 / 贫苦 (pínkǔ)
Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
| Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Wanrong | 窮 | |
| Xi'an | 窮 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Hong Kong | 窮 | |
| Taishan | 窮 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Pingxiang | 窮 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 | |
| Hui'an | 窮赤 | |
| Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 | |
| Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 | |
| Raoping | 磽 | |
| Shantou | 窮, 磽 | |
| Jieyang | 窮, 磽 | |
| Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Suzhou | 窮 | |
| Danyang | 窮 | |
| Hangzhou | 窮 | |
| Jinhua | 倒灶 | |
Compounds
- 一寸赤心
- 一片赤心
- 保兀赤
- 兀剌赤
- 光赤
- 努爾哈赤 / 努尔哈赤 (Nǔ'ěrhāchì)
- 博爾赤 / 博尔赤
- 噴赤河 / 喷赤河 (Pēnchìhé)
- 寶兒赤 / 宝儿赤
- 小赤 (Xiǎochì)
- 小赤老
- 後赤壁賦 / 后赤壁赋
- 忠心赤膽 / 忠心赤胆
- 急赤白臉 / 急赤白脸
- 打赤腳 / 打赤脚 (dǎchìjiǎo)
- 打赤膊 (dǎ chìbó)
- 月書赤繩 / 月书赤绳
- 母哈赤
- 火裡赤 / 火里赤
- 白兔赤烏 / 白兔赤乌 (báitùchìwū)
- 白眉赤眼
- 眉間赤 / 眉间赤
- 神州赤縣 / 神州赤县
- 站赤 (zhànchì)
- 精赤條條 / 精赤条条
- 耳紅面赤 / 耳红面赤
- 臉紅耳赤 / 脸红耳赤
- 葉赤鐵路 / 叶赤铁路
- 裸身赤體 / 裸身赤体
- 貝赤 / 贝赤
- 貿易赤字 / 贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
- 赤仄
- 赤伏符
- 赤佬
- 赤俄 (chì'é)
- 赤光光
- 赤兔 (Chìtù)
- 赤力力
- 赤化 (chìhuà)
- 赤卒
- 赤口毒舌
- 赤口白舌
- 赤土 (Chìtǔ)
- 赤土陶器 (chì tǔ táoqì)
- 赤地 (chìdì)
- 赤地千里
- 赤城 (Chìchéng)
- 赤塔 (Chìtǎ)
- 赤墀
- 赤壁 (Chìbì)
- 赤壁之戰 / 赤壁之战
- 赤壁懷古 / 赤壁怀古
- 赤壁賦 / 赤壁赋
- 赤壁鏖兵
- 赤子 (chìzǐ)
- 赤子之心 (chìzǐzhīxīn)
- 赤字 (chìzì)
- 赤字財政 / 赤字财政
- 赤字預算 / 赤字预算
- 赤小豆 (chìxiǎodòu)
- 赤尻
- 赤山 (Chìshān)
- 赤崁 (Chìkàn)
- 赤崁樓 / 赤崁楼
- 赤嵌樓 / 赤嵌楼
- 赤巴巴
- 赤帝 (chìdì)
- 赤帝子
- 赤帶 / 赤带
- 赤幘 / 赤帻 (chìzé)
- 赤心 (chìxīn)
- 赤心忠膽 / 赤心忠胆
- 赤忱 (chìchén)
- 赤手
- 赤才 (Chìcái)
- 赤手空拳 (chìshǒukōngquán)
- 赤手起家
- 赤揚 / 赤扬
- 赤族 (chìzú)
- 赤日 (chìrì)
- 赤星
- 赤松 (chìsōng)
- 赤松子
- 赤條條 / 赤条条
- 赤條精光 / 赤条精光
- 赤棒
- 赤楊 / 赤杨
- 赤津津
- 赤溪河 (Chìxīhé)
- 赤潮 (chìcháo)
- 赤熱 / 赤热
- 赤狐 (chìhú)
- 赤狗日
- 赤瑕
- 赤留出律
- 赤痢 (chìlì)
- 赤白痢
- 赤眉 (Chìméi)
- 赤眼卵蜂
- 赤石
- 赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
- 赤磷
- 赤禍 / 赤祸
- 赤立
- 赤箭
- 赤米
- 赤紅 / 赤红 (chìhóng)
- 赤經 / 赤经 (chìjīng)
- 赤緊的 / 赤紧的
- 赤緯 / 赤纬 (chìwěi)
- 赤練蛇 / 赤练蛇
- 赤縣 / 赤县 (Chìxiàn)
- 赤縣神州 / 赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu)
- 赤繩綰足 / 赤绳绾足
- 赤繩繫足 / 赤绳系足
- 赤翡翠
- 赤老 (chìlǎo)
- 赤背 (chìbèi)
- 赤腳 / 赤脚 (chìjiǎo)
- 赤腳大仙 / 赤脚大仙
- 赤腳漢 / 赤脚汉
- 赤腳醫生 / 赤脚医生 (chìjiǎo yīshēng)
- 赤膊 (chìbó)
- 赤膊上陣 / 赤膊上阵 (chìbóshàngzhèn)
- 赤膽 / 赤胆
- 赤膽忠心 / 赤胆忠心
- 赤膽忠肝 / 赤胆忠肝
- 赤舌燒城 / 赤舌烧城
- 赤色 (chìsè)
- 赤色中國 / 赤色中国
- 赤色國際 / 赤色国际
- 赤芍 (chìsháo)
- 赤蛙
- 赤血丹心
- 赤血鹽 / 赤血盐 (chìxuèyán)
- 赤衛軍 / 赤卫军
- 赤衣
- 赤衣使者
- 赤裸 (chìluǒ)
- 赤裸裸 (chìluǒluǒ)
- 赤誠 / 赤诚 (chìchéng)
- 赤豆 (chìdòu)
- 赤貧 / 赤贫 (chìpín)
- 赤貧如洗 / 赤贫如洗
- 赤資資 / 赤资资
- 赤赤哈哈
- 赤足 (chìzú)
- 赤身 (chìshēn)
- 赤身裸體 / 赤身裸体
- 赤身露體 / 赤身露体 (chìshēnlùtǐ)
- 赤軍旅 / 赤军旅
- 赤道 (chìdào)
- 赤道儀 / 赤道仪
- 赤道幾尼亞 / 赤道几尼亚
- 赤道洋流
- 赤道群島 / 赤道群岛
- 赤道雨林
- 赤道非洲
- 赤道面
- 赤金 (chìjīn)
- 赤鉛礦 / 赤铅矿
- 赤銅 / 赤铜 (chìtóng)
- 赤銜 / 赤衔
- 赤銅礦 / 赤铜矿
- 赤鐵礦 / 赤铁矿 (chìtiěkuàng)
- 赤雅
- 赤電 / 赤电
- 赤露 (chìlù)
- 赤面 (chìmiàn)
- 赤馬港 / 赤马港 (Chìmǎgǎng)
- 赤體 / 赤体 (chìtǐ)
- 赤鯶公 / 赤𩽼公
- 赤黴素 / 赤霉素 (chìméisù)
- 達魯花赤 / 达鲁花赤
- 金融赤字
- 鏖兵赤壁
- 面紅耳赤 / 面红耳赤 (miànhóng'ěrchì)
- 面紅面赤 / 面红面赤
Descendants
- → Proto-Mien: *sekᴰ (“red”)
Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
赤 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𣤩 | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 刺?”)
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cek3
- Yale: chek
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsek8
- Guangdong Romanization: cég3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tiak1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiak̚³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
赤
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 疼 (“painful”)
Compounds
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 赤 – see 刺 (“a pointed structure which is able to pierce something; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 刺). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Kanji
赤
Readings
- Go-on: しゃく (shaku, Jōyō †)
- Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
- Kun: あか (aka, 赤, Jōyō)、あかい (akai, 赤い, Jōyō)、あからむ (akaramu, 赤らむ, Jōyō)、あからめる (akarameru, 赤らめる, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あ (a)、あこ (ako)、あま (ama)
Compounds
Compounds
- 赤子 (akago)
- 赤字 (akaji)
- 赤ちゃん (akachan)
- 赤土 (akatsuchi), 赭土 (akatsuchi)
- 赤面 (akatsura), 赭面 (akatsura)
- 赤の他人 (aka no tanin)
- 赤恥 (akahaji)
- 赤羽太 (akahata)
- 赤裸 (akahadaka)
- 赤まんま (akamanma)
- 赤身 (akami)
- 赤銅 (shakudō)
- 赤熱 (shakunetsu)
- 赤烏 (sekiu)
- 赤外 (sekigai): infrared
- 赤子 (sekishi)
- 赤日 (sekijitsu)
- 赤手 (sekishu)
- 赤十字 (Sekijūji): the Red Cross
- 赤心 (sekishin)
- 赤誠 (sekisei): sincerity
- 赤沈 (sekichin)
- 赤鉄鉱 (sekitekkō)
- 赤土 (sekido)
- 赤道 (sekidō)
- 赤熱 (sekinetsu)
- 赤飯 (sekihan)
- 赤貧 (sekihin)
- 赤面 (sekimen)
- 赤裸 (sekira)
- 赤痢 (sekiri)
- 赤燐 (sekirin)
- 赤化 (sekka), 赤化 (sekika)
- 赤禍 (sekka), 赤禍 (sekika)
- 赤血球 (sekkekkyū)
- 赤信号 (akashingō): red light
Etymology
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Noun
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 赤 |
| あか Grade: 1 |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 朱 |
Derived terms
Prefix
Derived terms
See also
| 白 (shiro) | 灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) (dated) |
黒 (kuro) |
| 赤 (aka); 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro), 茜色 (akaneiro) |
オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro); 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
黄色 (kiiro); クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) |
| 黄緑 (kimidori) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
若緑 (wakamidori) |
| シアン (shian); 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 水色 (mizuiro) | 青 (ao) |
| 菫色 (sumireiro); 藍色 (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) |
マゼンタ (mazenta), 赤紫 (akamurasaki); 紫 (murasaki) |
ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “あか 【赤・紅・朱・緋】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
赤 (eumhun 붉을 적 (bulgeul jeok))
Kunigami
Kanji
赤
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Noun
赤 (hakā)
Miyako
Kanji
赤
Readings
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Noun
赤 (aka)
Northern Amami Ōshima
Kanji
赤
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Noun
赤 (aka)
Okinawan
Kanji
赤
Readings
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Noun
赤 (aka)
Vietnamese
Han character
Compounds
- 赤壁 (Xích Bích, “Red Cliffs”)
- 赤經 (xích kinh, “right ascension”)
- 赤緯 (xích vĩ, “declination”)
- 赤道 (xích đạo, “equator”)
Yaeyama
Kanji
赤
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Noun
赤 (aka)
Yonaguni
Kanji
赤
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Noun
赤 (aga)