蹴る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun'yomi

Etymology

*/kuwu//kuweru//kʷeru//keru/

From Old Japanese verb 蹴う (kuu).

The conjugation shifted from 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, bigrade conjugation) (/kuwe-/, /kuu/) to 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, monograde conjugation) (/kʷe-/, /kʷeru/) in Early Middle Japanese. This verb was the only shimo ichidan verb in Early Middle Japanese.[1]

Pronunciation of /kʷe/ changed to /ke/ before around 1300.[1]

The conjugation irregularly shifted from 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, monograde conjugation) (/ke-/, /keru/) to 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, quadrigrade conjugation) (/ker-/, /keru/) after the early Edo period.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「蹴る
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
蹴る
Imperative (命令形) 蹴れ
Key constructions
Passive 蹴られる られ
Causative 蹴らせる らせ
Potential 蹴れる
Volitional 蹴ろう
Negative 蹴らない ない
Negative perfective 蹴らなかった なかった
Formal 蹴ります りま
Perfective 蹴った った
Conjunctive 蹴って って
Hypothetical conditional 蹴れば れば

Verb

() (kerutransitive godan (stem () (keri), past ()った (ketta))

  1. to kick (something)
    ボール()った
    Bōru o ketta.
    (He) kicked the ball.
  2. to leave a place, particularly in a wild, angry, or violent fashion: to storm out (in the form 蹴る (seki o keru, to kick one's seat))
    (かい)()(せき)()って部屋(へや)()
    Kaigi no seki o kette heya o deta.
    (He) stormed out of the conference room.
  3. to reject
    (もう)()()った
    Mōshide o ketta.
    (He) refused the proposal.

Conjugation

  • Old Japanese:
  • Early Middle Japanese, early Late Middle Japanese (before around 1300):
  • Late Middle Japanese since around 1300:
  • Modern Japanese, classical conjugation:

Derived terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN