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辛 . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
辛 , but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
辛 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
辛 you have here. The definition of the word
辛 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
辛 , as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
Han character
辛 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛 +0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ ), four-corner 00401 , composition ⿱立 十 or ⿱亠 𢆉 )
Kangxi radical #160, ⾟ .
Derived terms
Appendix:Chinese radical/辛
𠉄 , 㖕 , 垶 , 㛙 , 㢹 , 𢓫 , 𭝅 , 𭡄 , 㳯 , 𬯁 , 梓 , 𤈼 , 𤙡 , 𬍧 , 𦛛 , 𥏔 , 𪿢 , 𥞽 , 𮇞 , 𦀓 , 𦐹 , 𫋁 , 觪 , 䛨 , 𨁅 , 𨌍 , 𬪬 , 鋅 (锌 ), 𤨘 , 𮧝 , 𮨬 , 騂 (骍 ), 𥋑 , 𩷔 , 𫓅
𧗶 , 乵 , 㲔 , 𣐽 , 㖖 , 𧱏 , 厗 , 宰 , 屖 , 峷 , 莘 , 𣇛 , 𤽮 , 𥭴 , 㾕 , 𨴲 , 𭍤
嶭 , 薛 , 巕 , 㸉
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250 , character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 1
Unihan data for U+8F9B
Chinese
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
親
*sʰin, *sʰins
寴
*sʰin, *sʰins
儭
*sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙
*sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛
*siŋ
新
*siŋ
薪
*siŋ
襯
*sʰrins
櫬
*sʰrins
嚫
*t͡sʰrinh
莘
*sriŋ
騂
*seŋ
垶
*seŋ
觪
*seŋ
Pictogram (象形 ) of a tool—chisel, awl, spike—used to mark slaves and criminals. It is related to 䇂 and 𣓀 , today written as 亲 .
It appears as 立 on the top of characters such as 接 and 童 . Unrelated to 音 , in which it represents the tip of a tongue.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin ( “ liver; heart; bile; bitter ” ) ; compare Tibetan མཆིན ( mchin , “ liver ” ) , Burmese သည်း ( sany: , “ liver ” ) , Tangut 𗮰 ( *sji² , “ liver ” ) (Gong, 2002 ; Schuessler, 2007 ; STEDT).
Pronunciation
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
辛
Reading #
1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
xīn
Middle Chinese
‹ sin ›
Old Chinese
/*i/
English
pungent; painful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
辛
Reading #
1/1
No.
13810
Phonetic component
辛
Rime group
眞
Rime subdivision
2
Corresponding MC rime
新
Old Chinese
/*siŋ/
Notes
甲 文 象 黥 刺 刀 具 ,𠞂 (皮 傷 )初 文
Definitions
辛
spicy ; hot ; pungent
辛 辣 ― xīn là ― spicy
hard ; laborious ; toilsome
辛 苦 ― xīn kǔ ― laborious
sorrowful ; miserable ; hard
辛 酸 ― xīn suān ― bitter
a surname
辛 棄 疾 / 辛 弃 疾 ― Xīn Qìjí ― Xin Qiji (Chinese poet during the Southern Song dynasty)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
辣 (“spicy”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.
Pronunciation
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
辛
Reading #
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
xīn
Middle Chinese
‹ sin ›
Old Chinese
/*si/
English
8th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
辛
Reading #
1/1
No.
13810
Phonetic component
辛
Rime group
眞
Rime subdivision
2
Corresponding MC rime
新
Old Chinese
/*siŋ/
Notes
甲 文 象 黥 刺 刀 具 ,𠞂 (皮 傷 )初 文
Definitions
辛
eighth of the ten heavenly stems
( in a list ) eighth ; number 8; VIII
( organic chemistry ) octa-
Coordinate terms
Compounds
Descendants
Others :
Etymology 3
Borrowed from English sym plectic .
Pronunciation
Definitions
辛
( mathematics , attributive ) symplectic
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Definitions
辛
Used in transcription.
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
辛
(Jōyō kanji )
spicy , hot , acrid
bitter , painful , difficult
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 辛 ( sin ) .
Pronunciation
Homophones : 心 , 臣 , 参 , 芯 , 信 , 神 , 真 , 紳 , 軫 , 寝 , 新 , 箴 , 震 , 親 , 讖
Proper noun
辛( しん ) • (Shin )
the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
Hypernyms: 天干 ( tenkan ) , 十干 ( jikkan )
Coordinate terms: 甲 , 乙 , 丙 , 丁 , 戊 , 己 , 庚 , 辛 , 壬 , 癸
Etymology 2
金 ( Ka , “ Metal ” , one of the Five Elements ) + の ( no , attributive marker ) + 弟 ( oto , “ younger brother ” )
Pronunciation
Proper noun
辛( かのと ) • (Kanoto )
the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
Hypernyms: 天干 ( tenkan ) , 十干 ( jikkan )
Coordinate terms: 甲 , 乙 , 丙 , 丁 , 戊 , 己 , 庚 , 辛 , 壬 , 癸
Korean
Hanja
辛 (eumhun 매울 신 ( mae'ul sin ) )
bitter
toilsome , laborious
8th heavenly stem
Vietnamese
Han character
辛 : Hán Nôm readings: tân , tăn , tơn
chữ Hán form of Tân ( “ eighth of the ten heavenly stems ” ) .
Hypernyms: 天干 , 十干
Coordinate terms: 甲 , 乙 , 丙 , 丁 , 戊 , 己 , 庚 , 辛 , 壬 , 癸
Compounds