酸
Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 酸. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 酸, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 酸 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 酸 you have here. The definition of the word 酸 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of酸, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
See also: 痠
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition ⿰酉夋)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
- Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
- Unihan data for U+9178
Chinese
| trad. | 酸 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 酸 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 夋 | |
| alternative forms | 𨢽 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 唆 | *sloːl |
| 梭 | *sloːl |
| 葰 | *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul |
| 誜 | *sroːls |
| 朘 | *ʔslon |
| 捘 | *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun |
| 荾 | *slul |
| 酸 | *sloːn |
| 狻 | *sloːn |
| 痠 | *sloːn |
| 鋑 | *ʔslon |
| 脧 | *ʔsluːl |
| 悛 | *sʰlon |
| 吮 | *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ |
| 萒 | *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ |
| 沇 | *lonʔ |
| 抁 | *lonʔ |
| 馻 | *lonʔ, *lunʔ |
| 兖 | *lonʔ |
| 渷 | *lonʔ |
| 兗 | *lonʔ |
| 焌 | *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud |
| 允 | *lunʔ |
| 狁 | *lunʔ |
| 玧 | *lunʔ |
| 俊 | *ʔsluns |
| 晙 | *ʔsluns, *sluns |
| 餕 | *ʔsluns |
| 畯 | *ʔsluns |
| 駿 | *ʔsluns |
| 竣 | *sʰlun |
| 皴 | *sʰlun |
| 逡 | *sʰlun |
| 踆 | *sʰlun |
| 夋 | *sʰlun |
| 埈 | *sluns |
| 陖 | *sluns |
| 鵕 | *sluns |
| 浚 | *sluns |
| 峻 | *sluns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːn) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): son1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): suan1
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1soe / 1suon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suan
- Wade–Giles: suan1
- Yale: swān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suan
- Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯än⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: suan1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
- Sinological IPA (key): /suan⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syun1
- Yale: syūn
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn1
- Guangdong Romanization: xun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhon1 / lhon1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/, /ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: son1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôn
- Hakka Romanization System: sonˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: son1
- Sinological IPA: /son²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: sonˋ
- Sinological IPA: /son⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: suan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /suĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /suĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
- soan - literary.
- Middle Chinese: swan
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤor/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sloːn/
Definitions
酸
- sour; tart
- 酸葡萄 ― suānpútáo ― sour grapes
- (chemistry) acid
- (Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
- sick at heart; grieved; sad
- Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
- stingy; miserly
- narrow-minded; pedantic
- spoiled; rancid
- to satirize; to ridicule
- (Internet slang) jealous; envious
- See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
- See also: 醋, 吃醋
- alt. forms: 🍋
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 醋 (“vinegar”)
Compounds
- 一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)
- 丁酸 (dīngsuān)
- 丙酸 (bǐngsuān)
- 乙酸 (yǐsuān)
- 乙酸 (yǐsuān)
- 乳酸 (rǔsuān)
- 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
- 二元酸
- 亞硫酸／亚硫酸 (yàliúsuān)
- 亞硝酸／亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān)
- 亞硝酸鹽／亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
- 作酸
- 吃醋拈酸
- 吃醋撚酸
- 含酸
- 單寧酸／单宁酸 (dānníngsuān)
- 嘗酸／尝酸
- 寒心酸鼻
- 寒酸 (hánsuān)
- 寒酸措大
- 尖酸 (jiānsuān)
- 尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)
- 尿酸 (niàosuān)
- 己二酸 (jǐ'èrsuān)
- 己酸 (jǐsuān)
- 弱酸 (ruòsuān)
- 強酸／强酸 (qiángsuān)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 悲酸 (bēisuān)
- 戊酸 (wùsuān)
- 拈酸吃醋
- 捏酸
- 捻酸
- 撚酸
- 有機酸／有机酸
- 果酸 (guǒsuān)
- 枸櫞酸／枸橼酸 (jǔyuánsuān)
- 桂皮酸
- 核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)
- 核苷酸 (hégānsuān)
- 核酸 (hésuān)
- 棕櫚酸／棕榈酸 (zōnglǘsuān)
- 檸檬酸／柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)
- 氫氰酸／氢氰酸 (qīngqíngsuān)
- 氯酸 (lǜsuān)
- 水楊酸／水杨酸 (shuǐyángsuān)
- 油酸 (yóusuān)
- 溴酸 (xiùsuān)
- 琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)
- 甜酸苦辣 (tiánsuānkǔlà)
- 甲酸 (jiǎsuān)
- 發酸／发酸
- 發酵乳酸／发酵乳酸
- 矽酸 (xīsuān)
- 矽酸鹽／矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)
- 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
- 硝酸 (xiāosuān)
- 硫酸 (liúsuān)
- 硫酸菸鹼／硫酸烟碱
- 硫酸鈣／硫酸钙 (liúsuāngài)
- 硫酸鉀／硫酸钾 (liúsuānjiǎ)
- 硫酸銀／硫酸银 (liúsuānyín)
- 硫酸鐵／硫酸铁 (liúsuāntiě)
- 硫酸鹽／硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)
- 硼酸 (péngsuān)
- 硼酸水
- 碳酸 (tànsuān)
- 碳酸氣／碳酸气 (tànsuānqì)
- 碳酸氫鹽／碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
- 碳酸鈣／碳酸钙 (tànsuāngài)
- 磷酸 (línsuān)
- 磷酸礦／磷酸矿
- 磷酸鈣／磷酸钙 (línsuāngài)
- 窮酸／穷酸 (qióngsuān)
- 窮酸餓醋／穷酸饿醋
- 細酸／细酸
- 羧酸
- 肉酸 (juk6 syun1) (Cantonese)
- 肌酸 (jīsuān)
- 胃酸 (wèisuān)
- 胺基酸 (ànjīsuān)
- 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
- 腿酸
- 臉酸／脸酸
- 茄酸
- 草酸 (cǎosuān)
- 菸鹼酸／烟碱酸
- 葉酸／叶酸 (yèsuān)
- 蘋果酸／苹果酸 (píngguǒsuān)
- 蟻酸／蚁酸 (yǐsuān)
- 軟脂酸／软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
- 辛酸 (xīnsuān)
- 透骨酸心
- 過錳酸鉀／过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)
- 酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)
- 酪酸 (làosuān)
- 酮酸 (tóngsuān)
- 酸丁
- 酸不唧
- 酸不拉唧
- 酸不溜丟／酸不溜丢 (suānbuliūdiū)
- 酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)
- 酸乳
- 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
- 酸味 (suānwèi)
- 酸味兒／酸味儿
- 酸嘶
- 酸奶 (suānnǎi)
- 酸子 (suānzǐ)
- 酸寒
- 酸巴溜丟／酸巴溜丢
- 酸式鹽／酸式盐 (suānshìyán)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 酸性 (suānxìng)
- 酸愴／酸怆
- 酸懷／酸怀
- 酸懶／酸懒
- 酸敗／酸败
- 酸文假醋
- 酸根
- 酸梅 (suānméi)
- 酸梅湯／酸梅汤 (suānméitāng)
- 酸棗／酸枣 (suānzǎo)
- 酸棗子／酸枣子
- 酸楚 (suānchǔ)
- 酸模 (suānmó)
- 酸溜溜 (suānliūliū)
- 酸漿／酸浆 (suānjiāng)
- 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
- 酸甜兒／酸甜儿
- 酸甜苦辣 (suāntiánkǔlà)
- 酸疼 (suānténg)
- 酸痛 (suāntòng)
- 酸礦／酸矿
- 酸腐
- 酸苦
- 酸菜 (suāncài)
- 酸藤
- 酸軟／酸软 (suānruǎn)
- 酸辛
- 酸辣
- 酸辣湯／酸辣汤 (suānlàtāng)
- 酸酐 (suāngān)
- 酸酪乳
- 酸雨 (suānyǔ)
- 酸餡／酸馅
- 酸馬奶／酸马奶
- 酸鹼值／酸碱值
- 酸鹼度／酸碱度
- 酸麻
- 酸鼻
- 醋酸 (cùsuān)
- 鉻酸鉀／铬酸钾 (gèsuānjiǎ)
- 雙氯芬酸／双氯芬酸 (shuānglǜfēnsuān)
- 鞣酸 (róusuān)
- 鬧酸款／闹酸款
- 鹽酸／盐酸 (yánsuān)
- 鹽酸草／盐酸草
- 鼻子一酸
- 鼻酸 (bísuān)
Descendants
- →? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)
See also
| Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 甜 (tián) | 酸 (suān) | 鹹／咸 (xián) | 苦 | 辣 (là) | 鮮味／鲜味 (xiānwèi) |
References
- “酸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
酸
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- アミノ酸 (aminosan, “amino acid”)
- アルギン酸 (aruginsan, “alginic acid”)
- 安息香酸 (ansokukōsan, “benzoic acid”)
- 胃酸 (isan, “gastric acid”)
- 塩酸 (ensan, “hydrochloric acid”)
- オクタデカン酸 (okutadekan-san, “octadecanoic acid”)
- オレイン酸 (orein-san, “oleic acid”)
- 核酸 (kakusan, “nucleic acid”)
- カルボン酸 (karubon-san, “carboxylic acid”)
- 蟻酸 (gisan, “formic acid”)
- 枸櫞酸 (kuensan, “citric acid”)
- グルタミン酸 (gurutaminsan, “glutamic acid”)
- 珪酸 (keisan, “silicic acid”)
- 麹酸 (kōjisan, “kojic acid”)
- 琥珀酸 (kohakusan, “succinic acid”)
- 酢酸 (sakusan, “acetic acid”)
- 酸化 (sanka, “oxidation”)
- 酸性 (sansei, “acidity”)
- 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”)
- 酸鼻 (sanbi, “appalling, horrible”)
- 酸味 (sanmi, “sourness”)
- 脂肪酸 (shibōsan, “fatty acid”)
- 酒石酸 (shusekisan, “tartaric acid”)
- 硝酸 (shōsan, “nitric acid”)
- 焦性葡萄酸 (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
- ステアリン酸 (sutearin-san, “stearic acid”)
- 青酸 (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
- 石炭酸 (sekitansan, “phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)”)
- 炭酸 (tansan, “carbonic acid”)
- 胆汁酸 (tanjūsan, “bile acid”)
- 乳酸 (nyūsan, “lactic acid”)
- 尿酸 (nyōsan, “uric acid”)
- 馬尿酸 (banyōsan, “hippuric acid”)
- パルミチン酸 (parumichin-san, “palmitic acid”)
- 砒酸 (hisan, “arsenic acid”)
- 硼酸 (hōsan, “boric acid”)
- 油酸 (yusan, “oleic acid”)
- 葉酸 (yōsan, “folic acid”)
- 沃素酸 (yōsosan, “iodic acid”)
- 酪酸 (rakusan, “butyric acid”)
- 硫酸 (ryūsan, “sulphuric acid”)
- 林檎酸 (ringosan, “malic acid”)
- 燐酸 (rinsan, “phosphoric acid”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 酸 |
| さん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).
Pronunciation
Noun
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 酸 |
| す Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Noun
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.