酸
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See also: 痠
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Translingual
Han character
酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition ⿰酉夋)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
- Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
- Unihan data for U+9178
Chinese
| trad. | 酸 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 酸 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 夋 | |
| alternative forms | 𨢽 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 唆 | *sloːl |
| 梭 | *sloːl |
| 葰 | *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul |
| 誜 | *sroːls |
| 朘 | *ʔslon |
| 捘 | *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun |
| 荾 | *slul |
| 酸 | *sloːn |
| 狻 | *sloːn |
| 痠 | *sloːn |
| 鋑 | *ʔslon |
| 脧 | *ʔsluːl |
| 悛 | *sʰlon |
| 吮 | *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ |
| 萒 | *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ |
| 沇 | *lonʔ |
| 抁 | *lonʔ |
| 馻 | *lonʔ, *lunʔ |
| 兖 | *lonʔ |
| 渷 | *lonʔ |
| 兗 | *lonʔ |
| 焌 | *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud |
| 允 | *lunʔ |
| 狁 | *lunʔ |
| 玧 | *lunʔ |
| 俊 | *ʔsluns |
| 晙 | *ʔsluns, *sluns |
| 餕 | *ʔsluns |
| 畯 | *ʔsluns |
| 駿 | *ʔsluns |
| 竣 | *sʰlun |
| 皴 | *sʰlun |
| 逡 | *sʰlun |
| 踆 | *sʰlun |
| 夋 | *sʰlun |
| 埈 | *sluns |
| 陖 | *sluns |
| 鵕 | *sluns |
| 浚 | *sluns |
| 峻 | *sluns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːn) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): son1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): suan1
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1soe / 1suon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suan
- Wade–Giles: suan1
- Yale: swān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suan
- Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯än⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: suan1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
- Sinological IPA (key): /suan⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syun1
- Yale: syūn
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn1
- Guangdong Romanization: xun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhon1 / lhon1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/, /ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: son1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôn
- Hakka Romanization System: sonˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: son1
- Sinological IPA: /son²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: sonˋ
- Sinological IPA: /son⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: suan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /suĩ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /suĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
- soan - literary.
- Middle Chinese: swan
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤor/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sloːn/
Definitions
酸
- sour; tart
- 酸葡萄 ― suānpútáo ― sour grapes
- (chemistry) acid
- (Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
- sick at heart; grieved; sad
- Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
- stingy; miserly
- narrow-minded; pedantic
- spoiled; rancid
- to satirize; to ridicule
- (Internet slang) jealous; envious
- See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
- See also: 醋, 吃醋
- alt. forms: 🍋
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 醋 (“vinegar”)
Compounds
- 一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)
- 丁酸 (dīngsuān)
- 丙酸 (bǐngsuān)
- 乙酸 (yǐsuān)
- 乙酸 (yǐsuān)
- 乳酸 (rǔsuān)
- 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
- 二元酸
- 亞硫酸／亚硫酸 (yàliúsuān)
- 亞硝酸／亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān)
- 亞硝酸鹽／亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
- 作酸
- 吃醋拈酸
- 吃醋撚酸
- 含酸
- 單寧酸／单宁酸 (dānníngsuān)
- 嘗酸／尝酸
- 寒心酸鼻
- 寒酸 (hánsuān)
- 寒酸措大
- 尖酸 (jiānsuān)
- 尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)
- 尿酸 (niàosuān)
- 己二酸 (jǐ'èrsuān)
- 己酸 (jǐsuān)
- 弱酸 (ruòsuān)
- 強酸／强酸 (qiángsuān)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 悲酸 (bēisuān)
- 戊酸 (wùsuān)
- 拈酸吃醋
- 捏酸
- 捻酸
- 撚酸
- 有機酸／有机酸
- 果酸 (guǒsuān)
- 枸櫞酸／枸橼酸 (jǔyuánsuān)
- 桂皮酸
- 核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)
- 核苷酸 (hégānsuān)
- 核酸 (hésuān)
- 棕櫚酸／棕榈酸 (zōnglǘsuān)
- 檸檬酸／柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)
- 氫氰酸／氢氰酸 (qīngqíngsuān)
- 氯酸 (lǜsuān)
- 水楊酸／水杨酸 (shuǐyángsuān)
- 油酸 (yóusuān)
- 溴酸 (xiùsuān)
- 琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)
- 甜酸苦辣 (tiánsuānkǔlà)
- 甲酸 (jiǎsuān)
- 發酸／发酸
- 發酵乳酸／发酵乳酸
- 矽酸 (xīsuān)
- 矽酸鹽／矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)
- 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
- 硝酸 (xiāosuān)
- 硫酸 (liúsuān)
- 硫酸菸鹼／硫酸烟碱
- 硫酸鈣／硫酸钙 (liúsuāngài)
- 硫酸鉀／硫酸钾 (liúsuānjiǎ)
- 硫酸銀／硫酸银 (liúsuānyín)
- 硫酸鐵／硫酸铁 (liúsuāntiě)
- 硫酸鹽／硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)
- 硼酸 (péngsuān)
- 硼酸水
- 碳酸 (tànsuān)
- 碳酸氣／碳酸气 (tànsuānqì)
- 碳酸氫鹽／碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
- 碳酸鈣／碳酸钙 (tànsuāngài)
- 磷酸 (línsuān)
- 磷酸礦／磷酸矿
- 磷酸鈣／磷酸钙 (línsuāngài)
- 窮酸／穷酸 (qióngsuān)
- 窮酸餓醋／穷酸饿醋
- 細酸／细酸
- 羧酸
- 肉酸 (juk6 syun1) (Cantonese)
- 肌酸 (jīsuān)
- 胃酸 (wèisuān)
- 胺基酸 (ànjīsuān)
- 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
- 腿酸
- 臉酸／脸酸
- 茄酸
- 草酸 (cǎosuān)
- 菸鹼酸／烟碱酸
- 葉酸／叶酸 (yèsuān)
- 蘋果酸／苹果酸 (píngguǒsuān)
- 蟻酸／蚁酸 (yǐsuān)
- 軟脂酸／软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
- 辛酸 (xīnsuān)
- 透骨酸心
- 過錳酸鉀／过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)
- 酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)
- 酪酸 (làosuān)
- 酮酸 (tóngsuān)
- 酸丁
- 酸不唧
- 酸不拉唧
- 酸不溜丟／酸不溜丢 (suānbuliūdiū)
- 酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)
- 酸乳
- 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
- 酸味 (suānwèi)
- 酸味兒／酸味儿
- 酸嘶
- 酸奶 (suānnǎi)
- 酸子 (suānzǐ)
- 酸寒
- 酸巴溜丟／酸巴溜丢
- 酸式鹽／酸式盐 (suānshìyán)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 酸性 (suānxìng)
- 酸愴／酸怆
- 酸懷／酸怀
- 酸懶／酸懒
- 酸敗／酸败
- 酸文假醋
- 酸根
- 酸梅 (suānméi)
- 酸梅湯／酸梅汤 (suānméitāng)
- 酸棗／酸枣 (suānzǎo)
- 酸棗子／酸枣子
- 酸楚 (suānchǔ)
- 酸模 (suānmó)
- 酸溜溜 (suānliūliū)
- 酸漿／酸浆 (suānjiāng)
- 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
- 酸甜兒／酸甜儿
- 酸甜苦辣 (suāntiánkǔlà)
- 酸疼 (suānténg)
- 酸痛 (suāntòng)
- 酸礦／酸矿
- 酸腐
- 酸苦
- 酸菜 (suāncài)
- 酸藤
- 酸軟／酸软 (suānruǎn)
- 酸辛
- 酸辣
- 酸辣湯／酸辣汤 (suānlàtāng)
- 酸酐 (suāngān)
- 酸酪乳
- 酸雨 (suānyǔ)
- 酸餡／酸馅
- 酸馬奶／酸马奶
- 酸鹼值／酸碱值
- 酸鹼度／酸碱度
- 酸麻
- 酸鼻
- 醋酸 (cùsuān)
- 鉻酸鉀／铬酸钾 (gèsuānjiǎ)
- 雙氯芬酸／双氯芬酸 (shuānglǜfēnsuān)
- 鞣酸 (róusuān)
- 鬧酸款／闹酸款
- 鹽酸／盐酸 (yánsuān)
- 鹽酸草／盐酸草
- 鼻子一酸
- 鼻酸 (bísuān)
Descendants
- →? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)
See also
| Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 甜 (tián) | 酸 (suān) | 鹹／咸 (xián) | 苦 | 辣 (là) | 鮮味／鲜味 (xiānwèi) |
References
- “酸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
酸
Readings
Compounds
Compounds
- アミノ酸 (aminosan, “amino acid”)
- アルギン酸 (aruginsan, “alginic acid”)
- 安息香酸 (ansokukōsan, “benzoic acid”)
- 胃酸 (isan, “gastric acid”)
- 塩酸 (ensan, “hydrochloric acid”)
- オクタデカン酸 (okutadekan-san, “octadecanoic acid”)
- オレイン酸 (orein-san, “oleic acid”)
- 核酸 (kakusan, “nucleic acid”)
- カルボン酸 (karubon-san, “carboxylic acid”)
- 蟻酸 (gisan, “formic acid”)
- 枸櫞酸 (kuensan, “citric acid”)
- グルタミン酸 (gurutaminsan, “glutamic acid”)
- 珪酸 (keisan, “silicic acid”)
- 麹酸 (kōjisan, “kojic acid”)
- 琥珀酸 (kohakusan, “succinic acid”)
- 酢酸 (sakusan, “acetic acid”)
- 酸化 (sanka, “oxidation”)
- 酸性 (sansei, “acidity”)
- 酸素 (sanso, “oxygen”)
- 酸鼻 (sanbi, “appalling, horrible”)
- 酸味 (sanmi, “sourness”)
- 脂肪酸 (shibōsan, “fatty acid”)
- 酒石酸 (shusekisan, “tartaric acid”)
- 硝酸 (shōsan, “nitric acid”)
- 焦性葡萄酸 (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
- ステアリン酸 (sutearin-san, “stearic acid”)
- 青酸 (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
- 石炭酸 (sekitansan, “phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)”)
- 炭酸 (tansan, “carbonic acid”)
- 胆汁酸 (tanjūsan, “bile acid”)
- 乳酸 (nyūsan, “lactic acid”)
- 尿酸 (nyōsan, “uric acid”)
- 馬尿酸 (banyōsan, “hippuric acid”)
- パルミチン酸 (parumichin-san, “palmitic acid”)
- 砒酸 (hisan, “arsenic acid”)
- 硼酸 (hōsan, “boric acid”)
- 油酸 (yusan, “oleic acid”)
- 葉酸 (yōsan, “folic acid”)
- 沃素酸 (yōsosan, “iodic acid”)
- 酪酸 (rakusan, “butyric acid”)
- 硫酸 (ryūsan, “sulphuric acid”)
- 林檎酸 (ringosan, “malic acid”)
- 燐酸 (rinsan, “phosphoric acid”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 酸 |
| さん Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).
Pronunciation
Noun
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 酸 |
| す Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
Noun
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
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