閏

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See also: 闰 and 閠
閏 U+958F, 閏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958F
← 閎
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閐 →

Translingual

Han character

閏 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一土 (ANMG), four-corner 77104, composition ⿵門王)

  1. intercalary
  2. extra, surplus

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41244
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4285, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+958F

Chinese

trad. 閏
simp. 闰
alternative forms 閠
䦞
𥹿

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (閏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撋 *njon
瞤 *njun
潤 *njuns
閏 *njuns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 王 (“king”). The original meaning “intercalary” is derived from kings' ancient practice of remaining within the palace gates on a leap day (which was in excess of the lunar calendar's 364 days, whence the meanings “remainder” and “surplus”), not engaging in their usual governing functions.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 閏
Mandarin Beijing /ʐuən⁵¹/
Harbin /ʐən⁵³/
Tianjin /yn⁵³/
/ʐuən⁵³/
Jinan /yẽ²¹/
Qingdao /yə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yn³¹²/
Xi'an /vẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /uə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʐuŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /və̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ²¹³/
/vɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /yn³⁵/
Chengdu /zuən¹³/
Guiyang /zuen²¹³/
Kunming /ʐuə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ʐun⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /zuəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /zuŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /ʐũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiŋ²³/
/zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦyən³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷen¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /yan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /yn¹¹/
Xiangtan /yn²¹/
Gan Nanchang /lɨn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /iun⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jøn²²/
Nanning /yn²²/
/jɐn²²/
Hong Kong /jøn²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lun²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nouŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nœyŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /zuŋ³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun²³/
Rime
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如順切
Baxter nywinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiuɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵʷinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjuenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵwinH/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiuĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭuĕnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯uĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jeon6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rùn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nywinH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nu-s/
English intercalary month

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閏
Reading # 1/1
No. 10927
Phonetic
component 		閏
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		閠
Old
Chinese 		/*njuns/

Definitions

閏

  1. intercalary; leap
    閏年／闰年  ―  rùnnián  ―  leap year
  2. (literary) surplus; remainder
  3. (literary) deputy; illegitimate; usurped

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

閏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. intercalary
  2. heresy

Readings

  • Go-on: にん (nin)
  • Kan-on: じゅん (jun)
  • Kun: うるう (urū, 閏)←うるふ (urufu, 閏, historical)

Compounds

Noun

閏(うるう) • (urū) 

  1. intercalary, leap
    閏(うるう)日(び)
    urūbi
    intercalary day
    閏(うるう)年(どし)
    urūdoshi
    leap year
    閏(うるう)八月(はちがつ)
    urūhachigatsu
    intercalary eighth month in the lunisolar calendar

Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 閏 (MC *nywinH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

閏 (eumhun 윤달 윤 (yundal yun))

  1. hanja form? of 윤 (“intercalary”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

閏: Hán Nôm readings: nhuận, nhộn, nhuần, nhún

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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