閑
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Translingual
| Traditional | 閒 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 闲 |
| Japanese | 閑 |
| Korean | 閑 |
Han character
閑 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓木 (AND), four-corner 77904, composition ⿵門木)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41247
- Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4287, character 3
- Unihan data for U+9591
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 閑 | |
|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 門 (“door”) + 木 (“wood”) – a fence.
Etymology 1
| For pronunciation and definitions of 閑 – see 閒 (“not busy; idle; vacant; unoccupied; unused; etc.”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 閒). |
Etymology 2
| trad. | 閑 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 闲* | |
Related to 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “railing; balustrade”), 欄 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “fence; railing”) and 攔 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “to obstruct”), and perhaps related to 練 (OC *ɡ·reːns, “to train”) (Schuessler, 2007). External comparanda may include Burmese ရန်း (ran:, “to erect railings, barriers”) or Mizo khâr (“to shut; to close; to shut off”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haan4
- Yale: hàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: haan4
- Guangdong Romanization: han4
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: hean
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤra/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/
Definitions
閑
- † fence; bar; railings
- † stable (building for horses)
- † rule; law; limit; norm
- † to restrict; to restrain
- † Alternative form of 嫻 / 娴 (xián, “to be familiar; to be skilled; to be practised”)
- † to block; to guard against
- 4th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "barrier" (𝌉)
Compounds
Etymology 3
| trad. | 閑 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 闲* | |
Probably cognate with 介 (OC *kreːds, “to increase; to become great”) and perhaps derived from 嘏 (OC *kraːʔ, “large; great”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haan4
- Yale: hàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: haan4
- Guangdong Romanization: han4
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: hean
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤra/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːn/
Definitions
閑
- (obsolete) large; great
- 松桷有梴，旅楹有閑，寢成孔安。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Sōngjué yǒu chān, lǚyíng yǒu xián, qǐn chéng kǒng ān.
- Long are the projecting beams of pine;
Large are the many pillars.
The temple was completed, – the tranquil abode .
松桷有梴，旅楹有闲，寝成孔安。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
Kanji
閑
Readings
- Go-on: げん (gen)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひま (hima, 閑)、しずか (shizuka, 閑か)、ならう (narau, 閑う)、しきり (shikiri)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 閑 |
| かん Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 閑 (MC hean).
Pronunciation
Affix
Noun
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 閑 |
| ひま Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 閑 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 閑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 閑 |
| のど Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 和 |
Pronunciation
Adjective
閑 • (nodo) -na (adnominal 閑な (nodo na), adverbial 閑に (nodo ni))
Inflection
Inflection of 閑
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 閑だろ | のどだろ | nodo daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 閑で | のどで | nodo de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 閑だ | のどだ | nodo da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 閑な | のどな | nodo na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 閑なら | のどなら | nodo nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 閑であれ | のどであれ | nodo de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 閑ではない 閑じゃない |
のどではない のどじゃない |
nodo de wa nai nodo ja nai |
| Informal past | 閑だった | のどだった | nodo datta |
| Informal negative past | 閑ではなかった 閑じゃなかった |
のどではなかった のどじゃなかった |
nodo de wa nakatta nodo ja nakatta |
| Formal | 閑です | のどです | nodo desu |
| Formal negative | 閑ではありません 閑じゃありません |
のどではありません のどじゃありません |
nodo de wa arimasen nodo ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 閑でした | のどでした | nodo deshita |
| Formal negative past | 閑ではありませんでした 閑じゃありませんでした |
のどではありませんでした のどじゃありませんでした |
nodo de wa arimasen deshita nodo ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 閑で | のどで | nodo de |
| Conditional | 閑なら（ば） | のどなら（ば） | nodo nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 閑だったら | のどだったら | nodo dattara |
| Volitional | 閑だろう | のどだろう | nodo darō |
| Adverbial | 閑に | のどに | nodo ni |
| Degree | 閑さ | のどさ | nodosa |
References
Korean
Hanja
閑 (eumhun 한가할 한 (han'gahal han))
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Vietnamese
Han character
閑: Hán Nôm readings: nhàn, hèn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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