閒

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 閒. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 閒, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 閒 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 閒 you have here. The definition of the word 閒 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of閒, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
See also: 闲, 閑, 間, and 𫔮
閒 U+9592, 閒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9592
← 閑
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 間 →

Translingual

Traditional 閒
Simplified 闲
Japanese 閑
Korean 閑

Han character

閒 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓月 (ANB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿵門月)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41248
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1838, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4289, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9592

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閒
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (閒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
間 *kreːn, *kreːns
簡 *kreːnʔ
澗 *kreːns, *kraːns
鐧 *kreːns, *kraːns
蕑 *kreːn
覵 *kreːn, *kreːns, *pkrenʔ
襉 *kreːnʔ, *kreːns
僩 *kreːnʔ, *ɡraːnʔ
鬜 *kʰreːn, *kʰraːn, *kʰreːd
癇 *ɡreːn
瞯 *ɡreːn
憪 *ɡreːn, *ɡraːnʔ
橌 *ɡraːnʔ
撊 *ɡraːnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).

Etymology 1

trad. 閒/閑*
simp. 闲*
nonstandard simp. 𫔮

Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).

Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).

Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Note: haan4-2 - “player”.
Note:
  • èng - vernacular;
  • hàng - literary.
Note:
  • êng/ûiⁿ/âiⁿ - vernacular;
  • hân - literary.
Note:
  • ain5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Pontianak;
  • oin5 - other places.
Note:
  • 3hhe - vernacular;
  • 3hhi - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 閒
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
Xi'an /xã²⁴/
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /xiɛn²¹³/ 休～
/xan²¹³/ 不得～
Chengdu /ɕian³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
/ɦie²³/
/ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
/xɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /han²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /han¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑn¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /han²¹/
Nanning /hɛn²¹/
Hong Kong /han²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ham³⁵/
/hiŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /õi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /haŋ³¹/
/ai³¹/
Rime
Character 閒
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸閒切
Baxter hean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ɣæn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		haan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xián
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hɛn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-kˁre/
English idle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閒
Reading # 1/1
No. 13531
Phonetic
component 		閑
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		閑
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡreːn/

Definitions

閒

  1. not busy; idle
    噇飽恰閒。 [Eastern Min, trad.]
    噇饱恰闲。 [Eastern Min, simp.]
    Chòng bā kák-èng. / [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    Have nothing else to do. / Don't you have nothing else to do? / Mind your own concerns/business.
  2. vacant; unoccupied; unused
  3. leisurely and carefree
  4. trivial; unimportant
  5. unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others
  6. relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm
  7. leisure; spare time; free time
  8. (gambling) player (instead of banker)
  9. a surname
  10. (Hakka) Alternative form of 還 / 还 (“very”)
Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “not busy”): 忙 (máng)

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 閒 – see 間 (“among; between; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 間).

References

Korean

Hanja

閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)

  1. leisure, idle
  2. peaceful, tranquil, calm

Vietnamese

Han character

閒: Hán Nôm readings: gian, nhàn, gián, nhờn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia