陵

陵 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金水 (NLGCE), four-corner 7424₇, composition ⿰阝夌)

• 𠻱, 𡻴, 𨫭, 𪅋, 𡺿, 䔖, 𢁋, 䉄, 𡏹

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1354, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41704
• Dae Jaweon: page 1857, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4134, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9675

• Unihan data for U+F959

Historical forms of the character 陵
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 阜 (“mound”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ, “mound; hill”). Originally written 夌.

"mound; hill; gravemound of an emperor"

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-raŋ (“high; long”), whence Burmese မြင့် (mrang., “high; tall”) (STEDT). Also compare 嶺 (OC *reŋʔ, “mountain ridge”).

"to mount; to transgress; to encroach upon"

The same word as 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “to rise high; to transgress”). May be related to the etymology above (Schuessler, 2007). It is probably cognate with 馮 (OC *brɯŋ, “to cross; to mount; to wade”).

陵

1. mound; hill
2. royal or imperial tomb (generally restricted to the tombs of emperors, empresses and empress dowagers, but also used as an honorific for the tomb of Sun Yat-sen, the first president of China)
3. to go up; to mount; to ascend

   alt. forms: 凌, 淩／凌 (líng)

4. to surpass; to override

   alt. forms: 凌, 淩／凌 (líng)

5. to bully and humiliate; to encroach on; to invade

   alt. forms: 凌, 淩／凌 (líng)

6. to decline; to wane
7. to sharpen; to temper
8. a surname

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04422

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. mausoleum
2. imperial tomb
3. hill; height

   Synonyms: 丘, 岡

4. to stave off

   Synonym: 凌

• Go-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←りよう (ryou, historical)}
• Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←りよう (ryou, historical)}
• Kun: おか (oka, 陵)^{←をか (woka, 陵, historical)}; しのぐ (shinogu, 陵ぐ); みささぎ (misasagi, 陵, Jōyō)
• Nanori: おか (oka); たか (taka)

From Middle Chinese 陵 (MC ling).

• (Tokyo) りょー (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

陵(りょう) • (ryō) ^{←りよう (ryou)?}

1. imperial tomb

• 陵(みささぎ) (misasagi)
• 陵墓(りょうぼ) (ryōbo)

From Middle Chinese 陵 (MC ling). Recorded as Middle Korean 르ᇰ (lung) (Yale: lung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

陵

Wikisource

陵 (eumhun 언덕 릉 (eondeok reung), word-initial (South Korea) 언덕 능 (eondeok neung))

1. Hanja form^? of 릉/능 (“small hill; mound”).
2. Hanja form^? of 릉/능 (“imperial tomb”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

• Kun: うどぅん (udun)

• 玉(たまう)陵(どぅん) (Tamaudun)

陵: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn

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