陷

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See also: 陥
陷 U+9677, 陷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9677
← 陶
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陸 →

Translingual

Han character

陷 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中弓竹難 (NLNHX), four-corner 77277, composition ⿰阝臽)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1354, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41707
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4140, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9677

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 陷
alternative forms
陥
䧟
𨺻
臽
埳 ‡
陥
䧟
𨺻
臽
埳 ‡
𨺂 ‡
 

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 陷
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
萏 *l'oːmʔ
窞 *l'oːmʔ
惂 *kʰloːmʔ
輡 *kʰloːmʔ
錎 *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
埳 *kʰloːmʔ
臽 *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
淊 *ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ
欿 *ɡloːmʔ
蜭 *ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms
啗 *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
鵮 *ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡 *ɡroːms
陷 *ɡroːms
爓 *ljom, *loms
諂 *l̥ʰomʔ
讇 *l̥ʰomʔ
閻 *lom
焰 *loms
壛 *lom
櫩 *lom
燄 *lomʔ
掐 *kʰroːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡroːms) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 阜 (“row of hills”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms, “person falling into trap”).

Originally written 臽.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • xie3 - literary;
  • han3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • 3hhi - literary;
  • 3hhe - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 陷
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕian⁵³/
/ɕyan⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian³¹²/
Xi'an /ɕiã⁵³/
Xining /ɕiã²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn³⁵/ ～害
/xan⁴²/
Chengdu /xan¹³/
/ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹³/
/xan²¹³/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /ɕien⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie⁴⁵/ 下～
/xæ̃⁴⁵/ ～在泥裡
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
/ɦie²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa²²/
Hui Shexian /ɕie²²/
/xɛ²²/
Tunxi /siɛ⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /xan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /han⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /han²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ham⁵³/
Taoyuan /hɑm⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ham²²/
Nanning /ham²²/
Hong Kong /hɐm²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ham²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɑŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xaŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ham³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ham³³/
Rime
Character 陷
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 戸韽切
Baxter heamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠɛmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚæmH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəɨmH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɐmH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɐmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣămH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		haam6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 陷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hɛmH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁromʔ-s/
English fall into a pit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 陷
Reading # 1/1
No. 13556
Phonetic
component 		臽
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		陷
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡroːms/
Notes 臽轉註字

Definitions

陷

  1. to submerge; to sink; to plunge
  2. to be captured
  3. to breach; to break through; to make a breakthrough
  4. trap (device designed to catch animals)
  5. to frame; to entrap; to set up; to bring up someone on false charges
  6. to sink
  7. fault; defect; drawback

Synonyms

  • (to breach):
  • (trap): 陷阱 (xiànjǐng)
  • (to frame):
  • (fault):

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

陥

Kyūjitai

陷

Kanji

陷

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 陥)

  1. fall into
  2. cave in
  3. fall (castle)
  4. slide into

Readings

  • On (unclassified): かん (kan)
  • Kun: おちいる (ochiiru, 陷る)、おとしいれる (otoshiireru, 陷れる)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 陷 (MC heamH). Recorded as Middle Korean 함〯 (hǎm) (Yale: ham) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

陷 (eumhun 빠질 함 (ppajil ham))

  1. hanja form? of 함 (“fall into”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

陷: Hán Nôm readings: hãm, hẳm, hỏm, hoắm, hóm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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