|
|
陸 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金土 (NLGCG), four-corner 74214, composition ⿰阝坴)
trad. | 陸 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 陆 | |
alternative forms |
Historical forms of the character 陸 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *m·ruɡ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).
Perhaps related to Proto-Wa (*rok, "dry land") (Schuessler, 2007).
Variety | Location | 陸 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /lu⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /lu⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /lu⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /lu²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /lu⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /lu²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /lu²¹/ | |
Xining | /lv̩⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /lu¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /lu¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /lu²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /nəu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /nu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /nu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /lu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /luʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /luəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /luəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /luʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /luəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /loʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /loʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /loʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /lɤu²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /lo²²/ |
Tunxi | /ləu¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ləu²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /nəɯ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /luʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /liuk̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /liuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /lok̚²/ |
Nanning | /luk̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /luk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liɔk̚⁵/ /lak̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /løyʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ly⁴²/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /lek̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /lok̚⁵/ ~地 /lok̚³/ ~續 |
陸
陸
Chinese numbers | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 106 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零, 空 | 一, 蜀 | 二, 兩/两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
百萬/百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
陸
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
ろく Grade: 4 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
碌 |
Originally referred to "flat" in reference to flat land, in turn the core meaning of the kanji character.[1][2]
The alternative 碌 spelling is an example of ateji.[1][2][3][4]
First attested in the 羅葡日辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Dictionary”) of 1595.[1]
陸 • (roku) -na (adnominal 陸な (roku na), adverbial 陸に (roku ni))
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 陸だろ | ろくだろ | roku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 陸で | ろくで | roku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 陸だ | ろくだ | roku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 陸な | ろくな | roku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 陸なら | ろくなら | roku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 陸であれ | ろくであれ | roku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 陸ではない 陸じゃない |
ろくではない ろくじゃない |
roku de wa nai roku ja nai |
Informal past | 陸だった | ろくだった | roku datta |
Informal negative past | 陸ではなかった 陸じゃなかった |
ろくではなかった ろくじゃなかった |
roku de wa nakatta roku ja nakatta |
Formal | 陸です | ろくです | roku desu |
Formal negative | 陸ではありません 陸じゃありません |
ろくではありません ろくじゃありません |
roku de wa arimasen roku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 陸でした | ろくでした | roku deshita |
Formal negative past | 陸ではありませんでした 陸じゃありませんでした |
ろくではありませんでした ろくじゃありませんでした |
roku de wa arimasen deshita roku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 陸で | ろくで | roku de |
Conditional | 陸なら(ば) | ろくなら(ば) | roku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 陸だったら | ろくだったら | roku dattara |
Volitional | 陸だろう | ろくだろう | roku darō |
Adverbial | 陸に | ろくに | roku ni |
Degree | 陸さ | ろくさ | rokusa |
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
ろく Grade: 4 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
六 (non-legal) |
Substitute spelling for 六 (roku, “six”),[6][2] likely borrowed from similar usage of written Chinese 陸/陆 (“six”).
Legal uses arose due to the relative ease with which certain number kanji can be fraudulently altered to look like other number kanji. For instance, 一 (ichi, “one”) could be modified to look like 六 (roku, “six”), but it cannot be modified to look like 陸 (roku, “six”, in legal contexts).
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
りく Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 陸 (MC ljuwk). First attested in Japanese as a standalone noun in a text from the mid-1400s.[7]
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
おか Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
くが Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
くぬが Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry: くぬが |
(The following entry is uncreated: くぬが.)
From Middle Chinese 陸 (MC ljuwk).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 두듥〮 (Yale: twùtúlk) | 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk) |
陸 (eumhun 뭍 륙 (mut ryuk), word-initial (South Korea) 뭍 육 (mut yuk))
陸 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), word-initial (South Korea) 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))
{{rfdef}}
.