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險. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
險, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
險 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
險 you have here. The definition of the word
險 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
險, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
險 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一人 (NLOMO), four-corner 78286, composition ⿰阝僉)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1361, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41874
- Dae Jaweon: page 1865, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4160, character 8
- Unihan data for U+96AA
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
Old Chinese
|
厱
|
*raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
|
歛
|
*qʰlaːm
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臉
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*ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
|
醶
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*ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
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鹼
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*kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
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薟
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*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
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匳
|
*ɡ·ram
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獫
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*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
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蘞
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*ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
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籢
|
*ɡ·ram
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斂
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*ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
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瀲
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*ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
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撿
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*ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
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羷
|
*ɡ·ramʔ
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殮
|
*ɡ·rams
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簽
|
*skʰlam
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僉
|
*skʰlam
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憸
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*skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
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譣
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*skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
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檢
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*kramʔ
|
瞼
|
*kramʔ
|
儉
|
*ɡramʔ
|
顩
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*ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
|
嬐
|
*ŋramʔ
|
嶮
|
*ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
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噞
|
*ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
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驗
|
*ŋrams
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險
|
*qʰramʔ
|
劒
|
*kams
|
劍
|
*kams
|
𩏩
|
*qʰam
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qʰramʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
Etymology
May be cognate with 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “tall; cliff”). See 嚴 for more.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): xiǎn (xian3)
- (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˇ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щян (xi͡an, II)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): him2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiam2
- Gan (Wiktionary): xien3
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): hiám
- (Meixian, Guangdong): hiam3
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie2
- Northern Min (KCR): hǐng / híng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hiēng
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): hiám / hém / hiáⁿ
- (Teochew, Peng'im): hiam2 / hiang2
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5shi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xienn3
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan
- Hakka
- Jin
- Northern Min
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
Note:
- hiám/hém - literary;
- hiáⁿ - vernacular.
Note: hiang2 - Chenghai.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
險
|
險
|
Reading #
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1/2
|
2/2
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
xiǎn
|
xiǎn
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ xjæmX ›
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‹ xjemX ›
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Old Chinese
|
/*qʰrmʔ/
|
/*qʰrmʔ/
|
English
|
precipitous, dangerous
|
precipitous, dangerous
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
險
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
No.
|
10221
|
Phonetic component
|
僉
|
Rime group
|
談
|
Rime subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
險
|
Old Chinese
|
/*qʰramʔ/
|
Definitions
險
- (of terrain) difficult and treacherous
- 險灘/险滩 ― xiǎntān ― dangerous shoal
- (now in compounds) narrow pass; treacherous place; strategic point
- 天險/天险 ― tiānxiǎn ― natural terrain that is precipitous and in a strategic position
- 無險可守/无险可守 ― wú xiǎn kě shǒu ― to have no tenable defence position
- (now dialectal or in compounds) danger; hazard; peril; risk
- 冒險/冒险 ― màoxiǎn ― to take a risk
- 脫險/脱险 ― tuōxiǎn ― to escape danger
避過呢場險 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
避过呢场险 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]- From: 2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 , Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 5595
- bei6 gwo3 nei1 coeng4 him2
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- dangerous; hazardous
- 驚險/惊险 ― jīngxiǎn ― breathtaking
險得滯 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
险得滞 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]- From: 2002, 李榮 (Li Rong), chief editor, 《現代漢語方言大詞典》 , Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House, →ISBN, page 5595
- him2 dak1 zai6
- too dangerous
- (now dialectal or in compounds) sinister; vicious
- 陰險/阴险 ― yīnxiǎn ― treacherous; sinister
- (of bad things) almost; nearly
- 險些/险些 ― xiǎnxiē ― nearly
- 險遭毒手/险遭毒手 ― xiǎn zāo dúshǒu ― to be nearly murdered
- (in compounds) Short for 保險/保险 (bǎoxiǎn, “insurance”).
- 壽險/寿险 ― shòuxiǎn ― life insurance
Synonyms
- 差一點 / 差一点
- 差啲 (caa1 di1) (Cantonese)
- 差小可 (Hokkien)
- 差小可仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 差淡薄 (Hokkien)
- 差淡薄仔 (Hokkien)
- 差無偌 / 差无偌 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 差點 / 差点 (chàdiǎn)
- 差點咖子 / 差点咖子 (ca1 dienn3 ga zr) (Xiang)
- 急下烏 / 急下乌 (7ciq-shia-u) (Wu)
- 爭些 / 争些 (zhēngxiē) (obsolete)
- 爭啲 / 争啲 (zaang1 di1) (Cantonese)
- 爭差點兒 / 争差点儿 (zen1 ca1 dianr3) (Sichuanese)
- 爭滴滴兒 / 争滴滴儿 (zen1 di1 dir3-1) (Sichuanese)
- 爭點兒 / 争点儿 (zen1 dianr3) (Sichuanese)
- 絀滴囝 / 绌滴囝 (Teochew)
- 臨臨仔 / 临临仔 (Hokkien)
- 險些 / 险些 (xiǎnxiē) (of bad things)
- 險介乎 / 险介乎 (5shi-cia-wu) (Wu)
- 險險 / 险险 (Hokkien)
Compounds
Descendants
References
Japanese
Kanji
險
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 険)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
Korean
Hanja
險 • (heom) (hangeul 험, revised heom, McCune–Reischauer hŏm, Yale hem)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
險: Hán Việt readings: hiểm[1][2][3][4][5][6]
險: Nôm readings: hiểm[1], hẻm[7], hiếm[2][7], hĩm[3]
- chữ Hán form of hiểm (“dangerous, impassable”).
- Nôm form of hẻm (“narrow space, dead-end”).
- Nôm form of hiếm (“rare, scarce”).
- Nôm form of hĩm (“little girl (Central Vietnamese countryside)”).
References