雄

雄 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大戈人土 (KIOG), four-corner 4001₄, composition ⿰厷隹)

• 𨗑, 𩀳

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1365, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41972
• Dae Jaweon: page 1869, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4093, character 3
• Unihan data for U+96C4

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯŋ) : phonetic 厷 (OC *kʷɯːŋ) + semantic 隹.

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaŋ (“penis, male”) (STEDT), cognate with Karbi chò-kàng (“penis”), Garo ri-gong (“penis”), Lepcha ᰠᰫᰵᰃᰦᰵ (sun̊-gan̊, “penis”), Pattani gàŋ mì (“male”).

However, Zev Handel doubts the Old Chinese word's cognate status, as "OC labialized initial plus schwa vocalism would normally correspond to a rounded vowel in PTB".

雄

1. (usually of animals) male

   雄虎  ―  xióng hǔ  ―  male tiger

   雄蕊  ―  xióngruǐ  ―  stamen

   • 其在鳥則雄為陽雌為陰；……。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     其在鸟则雄为阳雌为阴；……。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Shuoyuan, circa 1^st century BCE

     Qí zài niǎo zé xióng wèi yáng cí wéi yīn;.......

     Among birds, males are yang and females are yin; .

2. masculine; powerful; grand

   雄兵  ―  xióngbīng  ―  powerful army

   雄壯／雄壮  ―  xióngzhuàng  ―  majestic; magnificent

3. powerful or influential person or state

   英雄  ―  yīngxióng  ―  hero

   戰國七雄／战国七雄  ―  Zhànguó qī xióng  ―  Seven Warring States

4. (Hokkien) ruthless; cruel; mean
5. (Hokkien) intense; rapid

   alt. forms: 兇／凶 (xiōng)

• Commonly used for animals to mean “male” in academic contexts, less commonly used in non-academic contexts (use 公 instead), and not used for humans (use 男 instead). For example:

  雄雞／雄鸡  ―  xióngjī  ―  cock

  雄牛  ―  xióngniú  ―  bull

• 雌 (cí, “female”)

• “雄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “雄”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: う (u)、ゆ (yu)
• Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
• Kun: お (o, 雄, Jōyō)、おす (osu, 雄, Jōyō)
• Nanori: かつ (katsu)、たけ (take)、つよし (tsuyoshi)、ゆ (yu)、よう (yō)

From Middle Chinese 雄 (hjuwng, “male”).

• (Tokyo) ゆう (Atamadaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

雄(ゆう) • (yū) 

1. male
2. something or someone excellent (male)

   一(いっ)世(せい)の雄(ゆう)

   issei no yū

   one of the greatest men of his generation

/wo/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Persists in compounds, such as the first element o- in the modern Japanese term 夫(おっと) (wohito > otto, “husband”).^[2][1]

• (Tokyo) お (Atamadaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

雄(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)?}

1. (obsolete in isolation) man, male
   • 711–712, Kojiki, 上巻 :

     汝(な)こそは遠(を)にいませば

     na koso wa o ni imaseba

     As you yourself be male / a man...

2. (obsolete) husband
   • 711–712, Kojiki, 上巻 :

     吾(わ)はもよ女(め)にしあれば汝(な)を除(き)て男(を)は無(な)し汝(な)を除(き)て夫(つま)は無(な)し

     wa wa moyo me ni shiareba na o kite o wa nashi na o kite tsuma wa nashi

     As I am a woman, without you, there are no husbands. Without you, there are no wives...

3. something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine

   雄(お)叫(たけ)び／雄(お)滝(だき)／大(ますら)夫(お)

   otakebi／odaki／masurao

   a war cry / the larger of two waterfalls / manliness

4. yang (as opposed to yin)

   女(め)男(お)、陰(め)陽(お)

   meo, meo

   yin-yang (two different kanji spellings, same reading and derivation)

• Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.

• 雌(め) (me): woman, female

/wosu/ → /osu/

Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) +‎ す (su), but the derivation of the su element is unknown.

See also the etymology of 雌 (mesu).

• (Tokyo) おす (Odaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

雄(おす) or 雄(オス) • (osu) ^{←をす (wosu)?}

1. a male (plant or animal)

• This is the most common reading of this term in modern Japanese when used as a standalone noun.
• Only used to refer to non-human male organisms.
• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オス.

• (human male): 男(だん)性(せい) (dansei)

• (antonym(s) of “non-human male”): 雌(めす) (mesu), メス (mesu)
• (antonym(s) of “human male”): 女(じょ)性(せい) (josei)

/won/ → /on/

Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) +‎ ん (n). The latter -n element might be a contraction of the possessive particle の (no).

• 牡

• (Tokyo) おん (Odaka – )^[1]
• IPA^(key):

雄(おん) • (on) ^{←をん (won)?}

1. male

• Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.

• 雄(おん)鳥(どり), 雄(おん)鶏(どり) (ondori): a male chicken, a rooster, a cock

雄 (eumhun 수컷 웅 (sukeot ung))

1. hanja form^? of 웅 (“(usually of animals) male”)

• 영웅 (英雄, yeong'ung, “hero”)

雄: Hán Nôm readings: Hùng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.