額
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See also: 额
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Translingual
Han character
額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)
Derived characters
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1406, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
- Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
- Unihan data for U+984D
Chinese
| trad. | 額 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 额* | |
| alternative forms | 頟／额 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 髂 | *kʰraːɡs |
| 路 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 輅 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 賂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 虂 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 露 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 潞 | *raːɡs |
| 鷺 | *raːɡs |
| 璐 | *raːɡs |
| 簬 | *raːɡs |
| 簵 | *ɡ·raːɡs |
| 洛 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 駱 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 絡 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 酪 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 烙 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 雒 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 珞 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 硌 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 袼 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ |
| 笿 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鉻 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 鮥 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 鵅 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 挌 | *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 落 | *ɡ·raːɡ |
| 各 | *klaːɡ |
| 胳 | *klaːɡ |
| 閣 | *klaːɡ |
| 格 | *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ |
| 擱 | *klaːɡ |
| 恪 | *kʰlaːɡ |
| 愙 | *kʰaːɡ |
| 貉 | *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ |
| 狢 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 佫 | *ɡlaːɡ |
| 略 | *ɡ·raɡ |
| 茖 | *kraːɡ |
| 骼 | *kraːɡ |
| 觡 | *kraːɡ |
| 蛒 | *kraːɡ |
| 敋 | *kraːɡ |
| 客 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 喀 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 揢 | *kʰraːɡ |
| 額 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 峉 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 頟 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 詻 | *ŋɡraːɡ |
| 垎 | *ɡraːɡ |
| 楁 | *ɡraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).
This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).
The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nge2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ңый (ŋɨy, I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaak6 / ngaak6-2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiak
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8ngaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: é
- Wade–Giles: o2
- Yale: é
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nge2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ңый (ŋɨy, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋei²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaak6 / ngaak6-2
- Yale: ngaahk / ngáak
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaak9 / ngaak9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ngag6 / ngag6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiak
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiagˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag5
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ak̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiăh→ngiĕh / ngiăh
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋieʔ⁵/, /ŋiaʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
- ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
- Tâi-lô: gi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: gek
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: giak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiak̚²⁴/
Note:
- hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
- gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
- ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
- Middle Chinese: ngaek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤrak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡraːɡ/
Definitions
額
- (anatomy) forehead
- top part
- horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
- amount; quantity; number
- a surname
Synonyms
- (forehead):
Dialectal synonyms of 前額 (“forehead”)
Compounds
- 以手加額／以手加额 (yǐshǒujiā'é)
- 低額／低额
- 信用額度／信用额度 (xìnyòng édù)
- 免稅額／免税额
- 全額／全额 (quán'é)
- 全額交割／全额交割
- 兵額／兵额
- 凸額／凸额 (tū'é)
- 前額／前额 (qián'é)
- 匾額／匾额 (biǎn'é)
- 名額／名额 (míng'é)
- 員額／员额
- 增額國代／增额国代
- 大額／大额
- 學額／学额
- 定額／定额 (dìng'é)
- 寬減額／宽减额
- 寶石額蜂鳥／宝石额蜂鸟 (bǎoshí'éfēngniǎo)
- 小額／小额 (xiǎo'é)
- 巨額／巨额 (jù'é)
- 差額／差额 (chā'é)
- 差額選舉／差额选举 (chā'é xuǎnjǔ)
- 扁額／扁额
- 扣除額／扣除额
- 投資額／投资额
- 抹額／抹额 (mò'é)
- 數額／数额 (shù'é)
- 榜額／榜额 (bǎng'é)
- 款額／款额
- 毛額／毛额 (máo'é)
- 浮額／浮额
- 溢額／溢额
- 滿額／满额 (mǎn'é)
- 焦頭爛額／焦头烂额 (jiāotóulàn'é)
- 燋頭爛額／燋头烂额
- 營業額／营业额 (yíngyè'é)
- 爛額焦頭／烂额焦头
- 獎額／奖额
- 產額／产额
- 疾首蹙額／疾首蹙额
- 白額虎／白额虎
- 白額雁／白额雁
- 碑額／碑额 (bēi'é)
- 票額／票额
- 稅額／税额
- 空額／空额 (kòng'é)
- 篆額／篆额
- 總額／总额 (zǒng'é)
- 缺額／缺额
- 舉手加額／举手加额
- 舉手扣額／举手扣额
- 貂覆額／貂覆额
- 貿易差額／贸易差额
- 貿易額／贸易额
- 資本額／资本额
- 超額／超额 (chāo'é)
- 超額貸款／超额贷款
- 足額／足额 (zú'é)
- 蹙額／蹙额 (cù'é)
- 蹙額愁眉／蹙额愁眉
- 蹙額顰眉／蹙额颦眉
- 輓額／挽额
- 進口配額／进口配额
- 逾額／逾额
- 配額／配额 (pèi'é)
- 金額／金额 (jīn'é)
- 鉅額／巨额 (jù'é)
- 銅頭鐵額／铜头铁额
- 限額／限额 (xiàn'é)
- 面額／面额 (miàn'é)
- 額分／额分
- 額外／额外 (éwài)
- 額外之人／额外之人
- 額子／额子
- 額定／额定 (édìng)
- 額度／额度 (édù)
- 額徵／额征
- 額我略曆／额我略历
- 額手／额手
- 額手稱慶／额手称庆 (éshǒuchéngqìng)
- 額手稱頌／额手称颂
- 額支／额支
- 額數／额数
- 額滿／额满
- 額濟納河／额济纳河
- 額爾德尼／额尔德尼 (É'ěrdéní)
- 額角／额角 (éjiǎo)
- 額頭／额头 (étóu)
- 題額／题额
- 額顱／额颅 (élú)
- 額風痧／额风痧
- 額駙／额驸 (éfù)
- 額黃／额黄
- 顰眉蹙額／颦眉蹙额
- 餘額／余额 (yú'é)
- 餘額交割／余额交割
- 高額／高额 (gāo'é)
- 點額／点额
- 龍門點額／龙门点额
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Definitions
額
- (Shanghainese) Alternative form of 個／个 (“possessive particle”)
Usage notes
- This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
- This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.
References
- “額”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
額
Japanese
Kanji
額
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 額 |
| ひたい Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 額 |
| がく Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek).
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
- 額銘 (gakumei): (swords) an inscription where a blade is shortened and a rectangular metal piece bearing the original inscription is cut out from the removed portion and embedded in the new tang
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 額 |
| ぬか Grade: 5 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): ~
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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