馬路
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See also: 马路
Chinese
| horse; surname | road; path; way | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (馬路) | 馬 | 路 | |
| simp. (马路) | 马 | 路 | |
Etymology
First attested in the 4th century BC in Zuo Zhuan, meaning “wide road used for horses”. How this came to be used as a general term for “paved road; street” is debated. Common theories include:
- A natural semantic evolution (± modern repurposing) of the literary Chinese term.
- A phono-semantic matching of English macadam (the modern method of road construction) + 路 (“road”), originally used in Shanghainese.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): maa5 lou6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): mā-diô
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6mo-lu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǎlù
- Wade–Giles: ma3-lu4
- Yale: mǎ-lù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maaluh
- Palladius: малу (malu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/
- Homophones:
馬路／马路
馬陸／马陆
馬鹿／马鹿
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: maa5 lou6
- Yale: máh louh
- Cantonese Pinyin: maa5 lou6
- Guangdong Romanization: ma5 lou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /maː¹³ lou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-lu
- Hakka Romanization System: maˊ lu
- Hagfa Pinyim: ma1 lu4
- Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴⁻¹¹ lu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: maˋ lu˖
- Sinological IPA: /ma⁵³ lu³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mā-diô
- Sinological IPA (key): /ma³³⁻⁵⁵ (t-)luɔ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: maeX luH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraʔ Cə.rˤak-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ ɡ·raːɡs/
Noun
馬路
- (literary, archaic) wide road used for horses and horse-drawn carriages
- (modern usage) wide and flat road for the passage of vehicles; paved road; (by extension) road; street (Classifier: 條／条 m)