驚
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See also: 惊
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Translingual
Han character
驚 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+12, 22 strokes, cangjie input 廿大尸手火 (TKSQF), four-corner 48327, composition ⿱敬馬)
Descendants
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1446, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45013
- Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4576, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9A5A
Chinese
| trad. | 驚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 惊* | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 驚 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreŋ): phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 馬, as horses are skittish (easily startled and frightened). However, the phonetic component depicts either a dog sitting or a man kneeling and a hand holding a stick to express authority, hence it adds part of the meaning.
Etymology 1
Compare Old Khmer kreṅa (“to fear”), whence Khmer ក្រែង (kraeng, “to fear”), Thai เกรง (greeng, “to fear; to worry”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Within Chinese, cognate with 敬 (OC *kreŋs, “to be respectful; to warn”), 警 (OC *kreŋʔ, “to warn; to be on one's guard”) (Schuessler, 2007). A possible vocalic variant is 兢 (jīng, “to be cautious”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): geng1 / ging1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): geang1 / goeng1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): giang1
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): geng1 / ging1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing1
- Eastern Min (BUC): giăng / gĭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gia1 / giann1 / ging1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gang1
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1cin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: geng1 / ging1
- Yale: gēng / gīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: geng1 / ging1
- Guangdong Romanization: géng1 / ging1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- geng1 - vernacular;
- ging1 - literary.
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: geang1 / goeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kəŋ²¹³/, /køŋ²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: giang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ³³/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiâng
- Hakka Romanization System: giangˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giang1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯aŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: giangˋ
- Sinological IPA: /kiaŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giăng / gĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ⁵⁵/, /kiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- giăng - vernacular;
- gĭng - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gia1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: giaⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kia⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: giann1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kĩã⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ging1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ging
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ging1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- gia1/giann1 - vernacular;
- ging1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kenn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvef
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kẽ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvy
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- kiaⁿ - vernacular;
- keⁿ/kiⁿ - vernacular (limited use, e.g. 驚蟄);
- keng - literary.
Note:
- gia1 - vernacular;
- ging1 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: gang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kəŋ⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 1cin
- MiniDict: cin平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1jin
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ciŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕin³³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kjaeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreŋ/
Definitions
驚
- to fear; to be afraid
- (of a horse etc.) to be startled; to be shy
- to frighten; to scare
- scary; frightening
- fearfully; I'm afraid that ...
Synonyms
- (to fear):
Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”)
- (to frighten):
- 叨擾 / 叨扰 (tāorǎo)
- 告擾 / 告扰 (gàorǎo) (formal, humble, polite)
- 吵擾 / 吵扰 (chǎorǎo)
- 困擾 / 困扰 (kùnrǎo)
- 干擾 (gānrǎo)
- 打亂 / 打乱 (dǎluàn)
- 打擾 / 打扰 (dǎrǎo)
- 打攪 / 打搅 (dǎjiǎo)
- 搗 / 捣 (dǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
- 擾亂 / 扰乱 (rǎoluàn)
- 攪 / 搅 (jiǎo)
- 攪亂 / 搅乱 (jiǎoluàn)
- 攪動 / 搅动 (jiǎodòng)
- 攪吵 / 搅吵 (Hokkien, Northern Wu)
- 攪擾 / 搅扰 (jiǎorǎo)
- 梟亂 / 枭乱 (xiāoluàn) (literary)
- 殽亂 / 淆乱 (xiáoluàn) (literary)
- 煩 / 烦 (fán)
- 煩擾 / 烦扰 (fánrǎo)
- 糾紛 / 纠纷 (jiūfēn) (literary)
- 糾纏 / 纠缠 (jiūchán)
- 經絆 / 经绊 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 纏 / 缠 (chán)
- 纏擾 / 缠扰 (chánrǎo)
- 纏磨 / 缠磨 (chánmo) (colloquial)
- 纏繞 / 缠绕 (chánrào)
- 驚動 / 惊动 (jīngdòng)
- 驚吵 / 惊吵 (1cin-tshau5) (Shanghainese)
Compounds
- 一座皆驚 / 一座皆惊
- 一鳴驚人 / 一鸣惊人 (yīmíngjīngrén)
- 動地驚天 / 动地惊天
- 動魄驚心 / 动魄惊心
- 匕鬯不驚 / 匕鬯不惊 (bǐchàngbùjīng)
- 又驚又喜 / 又惊又喜 (yòujīngyòuxǐ)
- 受寵若驚 / 受宠若惊 (shòuchǒngruòjīng)
- 受驚 / 受惊 (shòujīng)
- 吃驚 / 吃惊 (chījīng)
- 壓驚 / 压惊 (yājīng)
- 夜驚症 / 夜惊症
- 大吃一驚 / 大吃一惊 (dàchīyījīng)
- 大喫一驚 / 大吃一惊 (dàchīyījīng)
- 大驚 / 大惊 (dàjīng)
- 大驚大險 / 大惊大险
- 大驚失色 / 大惊失色 (dàjīngshīsè)
- 大驚小怪 / 大惊小怪 (dàjīngxiǎoguài)
- 天驚石破 / 天惊石破
- 失驚 / 失惊 (shījīng)
- 失驚打怪 / 失惊打怪
- 寵辱不驚 / 宠辱不惊 (chǒngrǔbùjīng)
- 寵辱無驚 / 宠辱无惊
- 寵辱若驚 / 宠辱若惊
- 心驚肉戰 / 心惊肉战
- 心驚肉跳 / 心惊肉跳 (xīnjīngròutiào)
- 心驚肉顫 / 心惊肉颤
- 心驚膽喪 / 心惊胆丧
- 心驚膽寒 / 心惊胆寒
- 心驚膽怕 / 心惊胆怕
- 心驚膽懾 / 心惊胆慑
- 心驚膽戰 / 心惊胆战 (xīnjīngdǎnzhàn)
- 心驚膽落 / 心惊胆落
- 心驚膽跳 / 心惊胆跳 (xīnjīngdǎntiào)
- 心驚膽顫 / 心惊胆颤
- 怵目驚心 / 怵目惊心
- 急驚風 / 急惊风
- 悚然心驚 / 悚然心惊
- 慢驚風 / 慢惊风
- 打失驚 / 打失惊
- 打張驚兒 / 打张惊儿
- 打草驚蛇 / 打草惊蛇 (dǎcǎojīngshé)
- 拍桌驚嘆 / 拍桌惊叹
- 拍案驚奇 / 拍案惊奇 (pāi'ànjīngqí)
- 擔驚 / 担惊
- 擔驚受怕 / 担惊受怕 (dānjīngshòupà)
- 擔驚受恐 / 担惊受恐 (dānjīngshòukǒng)
- 收驚 / 收惊
- 暗吃一驚 / 暗吃一惊
- 有驚無險 / 有惊无险 (yǒujīngwúxiǎn)
- 望洋驚嘆 / 望洋惊叹
- 柳柳驚 / 柳柳惊
- 步步驚魂 / 步步惊魂
- 海波不驚 / 海波不惊
- 浮雲驚龍 / 浮云惊龙
- 游園驚夢 / 游园惊梦
- 狗吠之驚 / 狗吠之惊
- 相驚伯有 / 相惊伯有
- 矯若驚龍 / 矫若惊龙
- 石破天驚 / 石破天惊 (shípòtiānjīng)
- 翩若驚鴻 / 翩若惊鸿
- 老大吃驚 / 老大吃惊 (lǎodà chījīng)
- 耽驚動氣 / 耽惊动气
- 耽驚受怕 / 耽惊受怕
- 肉跳心驚 / 肉跳心惊
- 肉顫心驚 / 肉颤心惊 (ròu chàn xīn jīng)
- 膽喪心驚 / 胆丧心惊
- 膽戰心驚 / 胆战心惊 (dǎnzhànxīnjīng)
- 膽顫心驚 / 胆颤心惊
- 膽驚心顫 / 胆惊心颤
- 自相驚擾 / 自相惊扰
- 草木驚心 / 草木惊心
- 著驚 / 著惊 (tio̍h-kiaⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 處變不驚 / 处变不惊 (chǔbiànbùjīng)
- 虛驚 / 虚惊 (xūjīng)
- 虛驚一場 / 虚惊一场 (xūjīngyīchǎng)
- 被寵若驚 / 被宠若惊
- 見慣不驚 / 见惯不惊
- 觸目驚心 / 触目惊心 (chùmùjīngxīn)
- 語不驚人 / 语不惊人
- 貌不驚人 / 貌不惊人
- 雞犬不驚 / 鸡犬不惊 (jīquǎnbùjīng)
- 震驚 / 震惊 (zhènjīng)
- 風鶴魂驚 / 风鹤魂惊
- 駭浪驚濤 / 骇浪惊涛
- 驚世駭俗 / 惊世骇俗 (jīngshìhàisú)
- 驚乍 / 惊乍
- 驚人 / 惊人 (jīngrén)
- 驚倒 / 惊倒
- 驚動 / 惊动 (jīngdòng)
- 驚厥 / 惊厥 (jīngjué)
- 驚呼 / 惊呼 (jīnghū)
- 驚喜 / 惊喜 (jīngxǐ)
- 驚喜交加 / 惊喜交加
- 驚嘆 / 惊叹 (jīngtàn)
- 驚嘆號 / 惊叹号 (jīngtànhào)
- 驚嚇 / 惊吓 (jīngxià)
- 驚坐 / 惊坐
- 驚堂 / 惊堂
- 驚堂木 / 惊堂木 (jīngtángmù)
- 驚塵 / 惊尘
- 驚天動地 / 惊天动地 (jīngtiāndòngdì)
- 驚奇 / 惊奇 (jīngqí)
- 驚奇駭異 / 惊奇骇异
- 驚弓之鳥 / 惊弓之鸟 (jīnggōngzhīniǎo)
- 驚張 / 惊张
- 驚心 / 惊心 (jīngxīn)
- 驚心動魄 / 惊心动魄 (jīngxīndòngpò)
- 驚怪 / 惊怪 (jīngguài)
- 驚怕 / 惊怕
- 驚怖 / 惊怖 (jīngbù)
- 驚恐 / 惊恐 (jīngkǒng)
- 驚恐萬分 / 惊恐万分
- 驚惋 / 惊惋
- 驚悸 / 惊悸 (jīngjì)
- 驚愕 / 惊愕 (jīng'è)
- 驚惶 / 惊惶 (jīnghuáng)
- 驚惶失措 / 惊惶失措 (jīnghuáng shīcuò)
- 驚慌 / 惊慌 (jīnghuāng)
- 驚慌失措 / 惊慌失措 (jīnghuāngshīcuò)
- 驚慌失色 / 惊慌失色
- 驚懼 / 惊惧 (jīngjù)
- 驚才絕豔 / 惊才绝艳
- 驚擾 / 惊扰 (jīngrǎo)
- 驚服 / 惊服
- 驚歎 / 惊叹 (jīngtàn)
- 驚死 / 惊死 (kiaⁿ-sí) (Hokkien)
- 驚汗 / 惊汗
- 驚湍 / 惊湍
- 驚濤拍岸 / 惊涛拍岸
- 驚濤駭浪 / 惊涛骇浪 (jīngtāohàilàng)
- 驚為天人 / 惊为天人 (jīngwéitiānrén)
- 驚異 / 惊异 (jīngyì)
- 驚疑 / 惊疑 (jīngyí)
- 驚疑不定 / 惊疑不定
- 驚癇 / 惊痫
- 驚神未定 / 惊神未定
- 驚羨 / 惊羡
- 驚耳 / 惊耳 (jīng'ěr)
- 驚蛇入草 / 惊蛇入草
- 驚蟄 / 惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)
- 驚覺 / 惊觉 (jīngjué)
- 驚訝 / 惊讶 (jīngyà)
- 驚詫 / 惊诧 (jīngchà)
- 驚誑 / 惊诳
- 驚諕 / 惊𬤀
- 驚豔 / 惊艳 (jīngyàn)
- 驚走 / 惊走
- 驚輸 / 惊输 (kiaⁿ-su) (Hokkien)
- 驚遽 / 惊遽
- 驚醒 / 惊醒
- 驚閨 / 惊闺
- 驚閨葉 / 惊闺叶
- 驚險 / 惊险 (jīngxiǎn)
- 驚險百出 / 惊险百出
- 驚青 / 惊青
- 驚顧不遑 / 惊顾不遑
- 驚風 / 惊风 (jīngfēng)
- 驚風駭浪 / 惊风骇浪
- 驚駕 / 惊驾
- 驚駭 / 惊骇 (jīnghài)
- 驚魂 / 惊魂 (jīnghún)
- 驚鴻 / 惊鸿 (jīnghóng)
- 驚鴻一瞥 / 惊鸿一瞥
- 骨顫肉驚 / 骨颤肉惊
- 魚驚鳥散 / 鱼惊鸟散
- 鳥驚魚潰 / 鸟惊鱼溃
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gem1 / geng1
- Cantonese Pinyin: gem1 / geng1
- Guangdong Romanization: gém1 / géng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛːm⁵⁵/, /kɛːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Noun
驚
Japanese
Kanji
驚
- wonder
- be surprised
- frightened
- amazed
Readings
- Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きゃう (kyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei)
- Kun: おどろく (odoroku, 驚く, Jōyō)、おどろかす (odorokasu, 驚かす, Jōyō)
- Nanori: みはる (miharu)
Derived terms
Korean
Hanja
驚 (eumhun 놀랄 경 (nollal gyeong))
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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