鳴く

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
鳴
な
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
啼く

Etymology

From Old Japanese, derived from 音 (na, “(emotional) sound, voice”, bound form) [1] + く (-ku, verb suffix). Cognate with 泣(な)く (naku).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「鳴く」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		鳴く なく
Imperative (命令形) 鳴け なけ
Key constructions
Passive 鳴かれる なかれる
Causative 鳴かせる なかせる
Potential 鳴ける なける
Volitional 鳴こう なこー
Negative 鳴かない なかない
Negative perfective 鳴かなかった なかなかった
Formal 鳴きます なきます
Perfective 鳴いた ないた
Conjunctive 鳴いて ないて
Hypothetical conditional 鳴けば なけば

Verb

鳴(な)く • (naku) godan (stem 鳴(な)き (naki), past 鳴(な)いた (naita))

  1. (of an animal) to call, to make noise; e.g., a bird's singing
    窓(まど)の外(そと)で小(こ)鳥(とり)が鳴(な)いた。
    Mado no soto de kotori ga naita.
    A little bird sang outside my window.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "鳴く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 鳴か なか naka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 鳴き なき naki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 鳴く なく naku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 鳴く なく naku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 鳴け なけ nake
Meireikei ("imperative") 鳴け なけ nake
Key constructions
Passive 鳴かれる なかれる nakareru
Causative 鳴かせる
鳴かす 		なかせる
なかす 		nakaseru
nakasu
Potential 鳴ける なける nakeru
Volitional 鳴こう なこう nakō
Negative 鳴かない なかない nakanai
Negative continuative 鳴かず なかず nakazu
Formal 鳴きます なきます nakimasu
Perfective 鳴いた ないた naita
Conjunctive 鳴いて ないて naite
Hypothetical conditional 鳴けば なけば nakeba
Classical conjugation of "鳴く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 鳴か なか naka
Continuative (連用形) 鳴き なき naki
Terminal (終止形) 鳴く なく naku
Attributive (連体形) 鳴く なく naku
Realis (已然形) 鳴け なけ nake
Imperative (命令形) 鳴け なけ nake
Key constructions
Negative 鳴かず なかず nakazu
Contrasting conjunction 鳴けど なけど nakedo
Causal conjunction 鳴けば なけば nakeba
Conditional conjunction 鳴かば なかば nakaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 鳴きき なきき nakiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 鳴きけり なきけり nakikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 鳴きつ なきつ nakitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 鳴きぬ なきぬ nakinu
Perfect-continuative tense 鳴けり
鳴きたり		 なけり
なきたり		 nakeri
nakitari
Volitional 鳴かむ なかむ nakamu

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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