鷹

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See also: 鹰
鷹 U+9DF9, 鷹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9DF9
← 鷸
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鷺 →

Translingual

Han character

鷹 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 戈土竹日火 (IGHAF), four-corner 00227, composition ⿸䧹鳥)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1501, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47377
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2031, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4666, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9DF9

Chinese

trad. 鷹
simp. 鹰
2nd round simp. ⿰应鸟
alternative forms 䧹

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
應 *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs
鷹 *qɯŋ
膺 *qɯŋ
譍 *qɯŋs
噟 *qɯŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Etymology

This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於陵切
Baxter 'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔing ›
Old
Chinese 		/*(r)əŋ/
English eagle, falcon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
No. 15347
Phonetic
component 		鷹
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		膺
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯŋ/
Notes 說文正體從隹瘖省聲，
此爲籀文

Definitions

鷹

  1. a bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons) or Strigiformes (owls)
    禿鷹／秃鹰  ―  tūyīng  ―  vulture
    雀鷹／雀鹰  ―  quèyīng  ―  sparrowhawk
    貓頭鷹／猫头鹰  ―  māotóuyīng  ―  owl

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

鷹

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. eagle
  2. falcon
  3. hawk

Readings

  • Go-on: おう (ō)
  • Kan-on: よう (yō)
  • Kun: たか (taka, 鷹)、くち (kuchi, 鷹)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鷹
たか
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Old Japanese.[1] Compare Ainu タカ (taka, “hawk”).

Pronunciation

Noun

鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka) 

  1. a hawk (predatory bird)

Usage notes

  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タカ.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鷹
くち
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鷹 – see the following entry.
【くち】
鷹: (obsolete) hawk
(This term, 鷹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese taka”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鷹 (eumhun 매 응 (mae eung))

  1. hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)

Vietnamese

Han character

Readings

鷹: Hán Việt readings: ưng
鷹: Nôm readings: ưng

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