黍
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Translingual
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Han character
黍 (Kangxi radical 202, 黍+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人水 (HDOE), four-corner 20132, composition ⿳禾人氺)
- Kangxi radical #202, ⿉.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1517, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47991
- Dae Jaweon: page 2049, character 33
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4759, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9ECD
Chinese
| trad. | 黍 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 黍 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 黍 | |||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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A cereal 禾 with water 水 or kernels under it. The water may simbolize the wine made from millet or the fact that millet sticky and water-resistant; otherwise, given that millet is a resistant plant that can grow on dry ground, the "water" component remains unexplained. See 黎, in which the radical appears as a contracted form.
Etymology
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *nhaʔ, comparing it to Tibetan ནས་ (nas, “barley”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nas (“highland barley”).
However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct Old Chinese *s-tʰaʔ based on aspirated affricate reflexes in certain Mandarin dialects, e.g. Hefei tʂʰu³, Yangzhou tsʰu³, as well as sound gloss evidence from Shuowen. This would make the comparison to Tibetan less plausible.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): su3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xy3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): su2
- Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̌
- Eastern Min (BUC): sē̤ / sṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xy3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǔ
- Wade–Giles: shu3
- Yale: shǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuu
- Palladius: шу (šu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: su3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: su
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syu2
- Yale: syú
- Cantonese Pinyin: sy2
- Guangdong Romanization: xu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /syː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si2
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
- Hakka Romanization System: suˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: su3
- Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: su2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /su⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̌
- Sinological IPA (key): /sy²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sē̤ / sṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœ³³/, /sy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sē̤ - vernacular;
- sṳ̄ - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóe
- Tâi-lô: sué
- Phofsit Daibuun: soea
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sue⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sue⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sé
- Tâi-lô: sé
- Phofsit Daibuun: sea
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /se⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /se⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
- Tâi-lô: sú
- Phofsit Daibuun: suo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sír
- Tâi-lô: sír
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
- Tâi-lô: sí
- Phofsit Daibuun: sie
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
Note:
- Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
- sóe/sé - vernacular;
- sú/sí - literary.
- Quanzhou:
- sóe - vernacular;
- sír - literary;
- sú - colloquial variant.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siu2 / su2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú / sú
- Sinological IPA (key): /siu⁵²/, /su⁵²/
Note:
- siu2 - vernacular;
- su2 - literary.
Note:
- soi2 - vernacular;
- xi2 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: syoX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljaʔ/
Definitions
黍
- proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (especially glutinous varieties, but also generic[1])
- 我蓺黍稷。我黍與與、我稷翼翼。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wǒ yì shǔ jì. Wǒ shǔ yúyú, wǒ jì yìyì.
- That we might plant our broomcorn millet and foxtail millet; that our broomcorn millet might be abundant, and our foxtail millet luxuriant.
我蓺黍稷。我黍与与、我稷翼翼。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (dialectal Eastern Min, Putian Puxian Min) sorghum
- (Leizhou Min) corn; maize
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 高粱 (“sorghum”)
Dialectal synonyms of 玉米 (“corn; maize”)
See also
Compounds
- 不失黍絫
- 不差累黍 (bùchālěishǔ)
- 不爽累黍
- 以戈舂黍
- 作黍
- 嗇黍／啬黍
- 委黍
- 巨黍
- 弄黍
- 搏黍
- 摶黍／抟黍
- 故宮禾黍／故宫禾黍
- 杪黍
- 歌黍
- 殺雞炊黍／杀鸡炊黍
- 殺雞為黍／杀鸡为黍
- 毫黍
- 燔黍
- 燔黍捭豚
- 燔黍擘豚
- 玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ)
- 禾黍
- 禾黍之傷／禾黍之伤
- 禾黍之悲
- 禾黍故宮／禾黍故宫
- 秬黍
- 秫黍
- 稌黍
- 稻黍
- 稷黍
- 穈黍
- 累黍
- 縱黍尺／纵黍尺
- 纍黍／累黍
- 范張雞黍／范张鸡黍
- 茅黍
- 蘆黍／芦黍
- 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ)
- 蟬鳴黍／蝉鸣黍
- 角黍
- 距黍
- 鉅黍／巨黍
- 銖黍／铢黍
- 雞黍／鸡黍 (jīshǔ)
- 雞黍之約／鸡黍之约
- 雞黍期／鸡黍期
- 雞黍約／鸡黍约
- 離黍／离黍
- 香黍
- 鶩角黍／鹜角黍
- 黃黍／黄黍
- 黍仔
- 黍子 (shǔzi)
- 黍尺
- 黍民
- 黍油麥秀／黍油麦秀
- 黍炊
- 黍田
- 黍禾
- 黍秀宮庭／黍秀宫庭
- 黍秫
- 黍秸
- 黍稷
- 黍稷情
- 黍穗
- 黍穟
- 黍穰
- 黍米 (shǔmǐ)
- 黍米酒
- 黍粽
- 黍糕
- 黍累
- 黍絲／黍丝
- 黍絫
- 黍肫
- 黍臛
- 黍苗
- 黍薦／黍荐
- 黍觴／黍觞
- 黍谷
- 黍谷生春
- 黍豚
- 黍酏
- 黍酒
- 黍醅
- 黍醴
- 黍銖／黍铢
- 黍離／黍离 (shǔlí)
- 黍離麥秀／黍离麦秀
- 黍雪
- 黍飯／黍饭
- 黍飴／黍饴
- 黍黍
- 黍黏子
- 黏黍
- 齏黍／齑黍
References
- (Min Nan) “Entry #9252”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- ^ Francesca Bray, "Millet cultivation in China: a historical survey," Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 28(3): 291-307, 1981.
Japanese
Kanji
黍
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 黍 |
| きび Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 稷 |
/kimi/ → /kibi/
Shift from earlier kimi.[1][2]
First cited to a text from 1241.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
- common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
- Synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi): sorghum
- Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キビ.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 黍 |
| きみ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 稷 |
⟨ki1mi1⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/
From Old Japanese.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.[1]
Noun
- (obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
- (obsolete) Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “きび 【黍・稷】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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Old Japanese
Etymology
From Proto-Japonic *kimi.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.[1]
Noun
黍 (ki₁mi₁) (kana きみ)
- the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
Descendants
- Japanese: 黍 (kimi → kibi)
References
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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