齒

See also: 歯 and 齿

齒	U+9F52, 齒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F52

← 齑

CJK Unified Ideographs

齓 →

⿒	U+2FD2, ⿒ KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH

← ⿑

Kangxi Radicals

⿓ →

Translingual

Stroke order

Traditional	齒
Shinjitai	歯
Simplified	齿

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1532, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48583
Dae Jaweon: page 2070, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4788, character 1
Unihan data for U+9F52

Chinese

trad.		齒
simp.		齿
alternative forms		歯𠔒𠚒𠚕𡽔歯𠔒𠚒𠚕𡽔𣥫𣦋𣦗𦥒𦦂𦥪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 齒
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (止) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
祉	*kʰlɯʔ
址	*kjɯʔ
止	*kjɯʔ
趾	*kjɯʔ
芷	*kjɯʔ
沚	*kjɯʔ
阯	*kjɯʔ
齒	*kʰjɯʔ
紕	be, pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a mouth full of teeth. 之 (zhī) or 止 (zhǐ) was later added on top as a phonetic component.

Etymology

Unclear. Not related to Tibetan མཆེ་བ (mche ba, “fang, tusk”), which is cognate with 齻 / 𱌺 (diān, “eyetooth”), but may be the same word as Proto-Min *kʰiᴮ (“tooth”). Another possibility is a derivation from an Austroasiatic etymon; Schuessler, 2007 (p.188) suggests a possible relationship to Khmer ខ្នាយ (khnaay, “tusk, spur”), as Austroasiatic medial /n/ is often deleted in loans.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chǐ (chi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci³

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цы (cɨ, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci²
Gan (Wiktionary): ci³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhṳ́

(Hailu, HRS): chi^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ci³
Jin (Wiktionary): ci²
Northern Min (KCR): chǐ
Eastern Min (BUC): kī / chī
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ki³ / ci³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khí / chhí

(Teochew, Peng'im): ki² / cin²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshy
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chr³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻih³
  - Yale: chř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
  - Palladius: чи (či)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ci³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цы (cɨ, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci²
  - Yale: chí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ci³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chi^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ci³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ci²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kī / chī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi³³/, /t͡sʰi³³/

Note:

kī - vernacular;
chī - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ki³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ki³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi³³²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ci³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ci³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi³³²/

Note:

ki3 - vernacular;
ci3 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí
  - Tâi-lô: khí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qie
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhí
  - Tâi-lô: tshí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chie
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

khí - vernacular;
chhí - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ki² / cin²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khí / tshíⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi⁵²/, /t͡sʰĩ⁵²/

Note:

ki2 - vernacular;
cin2 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshy
  - MiniDict: tshy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: chr³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sʰz̩⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 齒
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰz̩¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Pingyao	/sz̩⁵³/ 平～磨 /t͡sz̩⁵³/ ～輪兒
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sz̩³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʃʰï³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰi⁵³/ /kʰi⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰi³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰi⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xi²¹³/

Middle Chinese: tsyhiX

Rime
Character	齒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌里切
Baxter	tsyhiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰɨ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiə^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t-ʰə(ŋ)ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰjɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	齒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhi^X ›
Old Chinese	/t-ʰə(ŋ)ʔ/ (or t.ŋ̊əʔ)
English	front teeth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齒
Reading #	1/1
No.	17302
Phonetic component	止
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	齒
Old Chinese	/*kʰjɯʔ/

Definitions

齒

(anatomy) tooth
牙齒／牙齿 ― yáchǐ ― tooth
(figurative) tooth- or zigzag-like thing, such as a sawtooth, cogwheel, or fern
(figurative) age (of a person or animal)
to juxtapose; to put side by side
to utter; to mention
^† to employ; to take in
(dialectal) to touch; to be in contact with
(Xiang) pay attention, to be concerned with
你莫齒他就是的。 [Xiang, trad.]
你莫齿他就是的。 [Xiang, simp.]
nyi³ mo⁶ chr³ ta¹ ziou⁵ shr⁵ di [Wiktionary]
It would be better to not pay attention to him.

我才懶齒得。 [Xiang, trad.]
我才懒齿得。 [Xiang, simp.]
ngo³ zai² lan³ chr³ de [Wiktionary]
I'd rather not concern myself.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 牙齒 (“tooth”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		齒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		牙齒
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	牙
	Taiwan	牙
	Harbin	牙
	Singapore	牙齒
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	牙
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	牙
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	牙
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	牙
	Wanrong	牙
	Xi'an	牙
	Xining	牙
	Xuzhou	牙
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	牙
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	牙
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	牙齒
	Chongqing	牙齒, 牙巴
	Wuhan	牙齒, 才調子
	Guiyang	牙齒
	Guilin	牙齒
	Liuzhou	牙齒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	牙子
	Xinghua	牙齒
	Hefei	牙, 牙齒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	牙
	Hong Kong	牙
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	牙
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	牙
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	牙
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	牙
	Macau	牙
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	牙
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	牙
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	牙
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	牙
	Foshan	牙
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	牙
	Foshan (Shunde)	牙
	Foshan (Sanshui)	牙
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	牙
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	牙
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	牙
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	牙
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	牙
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	牙
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	牙
	Taishan	牙
	Kaiping (Chikan)	牙
	Enping (Niujiang)	牙
	Heshan (Yayao)	牙
	Dongguan	牙
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	牙
	Qingyuan	牙
	Fogang	牙
	Yingde (Hanguang)	牙
	Yangshan	牙
	Lianshan (Butian)	牙齒
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	牙齒
	Shaoguan	牙, 牙齒
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	牙
	Renhua	牙齒
	Lechang	牙, 牙齒
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	牙
	Sihui	牙
	Guangning	牙
	Deqing	牙
	Huaiji	牙
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	牙
	Yunfu	牙
	Xinxing	牙
	Luoding	牙
	Yunan (Pingtai)	牙
	Yangjiang	牙
	Xinyi	牙齒
	Maoming (Xinpo)	牙
	Lianjiang	牙
	Nanning	牙齒, 牙
	Wuzhou	牙齒, 牙
	Yulin	牙齒, 牙
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	牙齒
	Guiping	牙齒
	Mengshan (Xihe)	牙齒
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	牙齒
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	牙齒
	Baise	牙齒
	Bobai	牙齒
	Lingshan	牙齒
	Pubei	牙齒
Qinzhou	牙齒
Beihai	牙齒
Ningming	牙齒
Hengzhou	牙齒
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	牙齒
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	牙
Singapore (Guangfu)	牙
Gan	Nanchang	牙齒
Gan	Pingxiang	牙齒
Hakka	Meixian	牙齒
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	牙
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	牙
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	牙齒
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	牙
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	牙齒
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	牙齒
	Yudu	牙齒
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	牙齒
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	牙齒
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	牙齒
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	牙齒
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牙齒
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	牙, 牙齒
	Hong Kong	牙
	Senai (Huiyang)	牙
	Singapore (Dabu)	牙齒
Huizhou	Jixi	牙齒
Jin	Taiyuan	牙
Jin	Xinzhou	牙
Northern Min	Jian'ou	牙齒
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	牙
	Fuzhou (Changle)	牙
	Fuqing	喙齒
	Yongtai	牙齒
	Gutian	喙齒
	Fu'an	喙齒
	Ningde	喙齒
	Shouning	喙齒
	Zhouning	喙齒
	Fuding	牙齒
Southern Min	Xiamen	喙齒, 齒
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	喙齒
	Quanzhou	喙齒, 齒
	Jinjiang	喙齒
	Hui'an	喙齒
	Anxi	喙齒
	Dehua	喙齒
	Zhangzhou	喙齒, 齒
	Zhao'an	喙齒
	Kaohsiung	喙齒, 齒
	Yilan	喙齒
	Changhua (Lukang)	喙齒
	Taichung	牙齒
	Taichung (Wuqi)	喙齒
	Tainan	喙齒
	Taitung	喙齒
	Hsinchu	喙齒
	Penghu (Magong)	喙齒
	Penang (Hokkien)	喙齒, 牙
	Singapore (Hokkien)	喙齒, 齒
	Manila (Hokkien)	喙齒
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	牙齒
	Chaozhou	齒
	Shantou	齒
	Shantou (Chenghai)	齒
	Jieyang	齒
	Haifeng	牙
	Bangkok (Teochew)	齒
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	牙
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	齒
	Singapore (Teochew)	齒
	Pontianak (Teochew)	牙
	Leizhou	牙
	Wenchang	牙
	Haikou	齒
	Singapore (Hainanese)	牙, 喙齒
Puxian Min	Putian	齒
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	喙齒
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	齒
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	齒
	Xianyou	齒, 喙齒
	Xianyou (Fengting)	齒, 喙齒
	Xianyou (Youyang)	齒, 喙齒
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	牙
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	牙齒
Shehua	Fu'an	牙
	Fuding	牙
	Luoyuan	牙
	Sanming	牙
	Shunchang	牙
	Hua'an	牙
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	牙齒
Wu	Shanghai	牙子, 牙齒
	Shanghai (Chongming)	牙齒
	Suzhou	牙子
	Wenzhou	牙齒, 牙
	Jinhua	牙齒
Xiang	Changsha	牙齒
	Loudi	牙齒
	Shuangfeng	牙齒

Dialectal synonyms of 理 (“to be concerned with; to pay attention to”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		理, 管, 睬, 理睬, 理會
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	理, 搭理, 搭咯
	Taiwan	理, 管
	Singapore	理, 管
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	理, 搭理
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	招, 理
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	理, 睬, 理視, 耳視, 張視
	Wuhan	邇, 理, 睬
	Guilin	理
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	睬
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	理, 睬
Cantonese	Guangzhou	睬, 理, 騷
	Hong Kong	睬, 理, 騷
	Yangjiang	理, 睬
	Singapore (Guangfu)	理
Gan	Nanchang	理, 搭
Hakka	Meixian	睬, 唰
Jin	Taiyuan	理, 理睬
Northern Min	Jian'ou	理
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	叕, 插
Southern Min	Xiamen	插, 插趖, 插潲, 插管, 管待, 嘀厾, 理落
	Quanzhou	插, 插趖, 插潲, 嘀厾
	Zhangzhou	插, 插潲, 插管, 管待
	Tainan	插, 管, 管待
	Penang (Hokkien)	插潲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	插, 插潲, 管, 插管, 甩
	Manila (Hokkien)	插, 插潲, 管
	Chaozhou	睬
	Shantou	理
	Jieyang	睬
	Singapore (Teochew)	插
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	理
Wu	Shanghai	睬, 理 rare
	Suzhou	理, 睬
	Wenzhou	朝, 理
Xiang	Changsha	齒
Xiang	Shuangfeng	齒, 搭, 邇