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First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean게〯 (Yale: kěy).
Middle Korean rising pitch implies an earlier bisyllabic form; Japanese蟹(kani) is a possible parallel.
Consider also Pyongan Korean궝이(gwong'i, “crab”) and Jeju깅이(ging'i, “crab”), although both could be secondary developments because Koreanic varieties sometimes insert /ŋ/ to break hiatus between vowels.
For many contemporary Seoul speakers, this word is homophonous with 개(gae, “dog”). Speakers may resort to circumlocutions in ambiguous situations, e.g. 멍멍개(meongmeong gae, “dog that goes meong-meong”) or '꽃게' 할때 게(kkotge hal ttae ge, “'crab' as in 'horse crab'”).