나쁘다

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 낟ᄇᆞ다〮 (Yale: nàt-pò-tá), equivalent to unattested verb *낟다〮 (Yale: *nàt-tá) + ᄫᆞ (Yale: -Wo-, adjective-deriving suffix). Middle Korean meaning: "to be insufficient".

Later largely displaced 궂다〮 (Yale: kwùc-tá), the Middle Korean generic word for "bad", nowadays used mainly in reference to the weather and in idiomatic expressions. The original meaning was replaced by Sino-Korean 부족(不足)하다 (bujokhada, “to be insufficient”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

나쁘다 • (nappeuda) (infinitive 나빠, sequential 나쁘니)

1. to be bad (various meanings)
   1. to be bad; to be unpleasant; to be disagreeable; to be of inferior quality

      Antonym: 좋다 (jota)

      기분 나쁜 날 ― gibun nappeun nal ― day with a bad mood

      이 나라는 살기 나쁜 나라다.

      I nara-neun salgi nappeun narada.

      This country is a bad country to live in.

   2. to be bad; to be evil; to be ill-natured

      Synonym: 악(惡)하다 (akhada)

      Antonyms: 좋다 (jota), 착하다 (chakhada)

      나쁜 인간 ― nappeun in'gan ― bad fellow

   3. to be bad, to be immoral

      Antonyms: 좋다 (jota), 옳다 (olta)

      나쁜 짓을 하다 ― nappeun jis-eul hada ― to do something bad

   4. to be in the wrong; to be (morally) blamable

      내가 나빴어.

      Naega nappasseo.

      It's my fault.

   5. to be bad, to be harmful

      Antonym: 좋다 (jota)

      이 날씨는 농작물에 나쁘다.

      I nalssi-neun nongjangmur-e nappeuda.

      This weather is bad for the crops.

   6. to be bad; to be frail; to be weak

      Antonym: 좋다 (jota)

      심장이 나쁘다 ― simjang-i nappeuda ― to have a bad heart

2. (archaic, original meaning) to be insufficient; to be inadequate

   Synonyms: 부족(不足)하다 (bujokhada), 모자라다 (mojarada)