되

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 되 (Yale: twoy). Alteration of 두 (斗, du).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): ~
• Phonetic hangul:

되 • (doe)

1. (units of measure) A unit of volume equivalent to about 1.8 L.

First attested in Hangul form in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459. Probably a native Korean word, but possibly a corruption of Middle Chinese 東夷 (MC tuwng yij, “eastern barbarian”). The first attestation of the Korean word is Japanese; a 1019 raid on the Japanese island of Kyushu by Jurchen pirates is still referred to as the Toi invasion in Japan, after the Korean word for this unfamiliar people.

• IPA^(key): /tǒj/

되〯 (twǒy)

1. Jurchen
2. Han Chinese
   • 1517, 飜譯老乞大/번역노걸대 [Beonyeok Nogeoldae]:

     네〯 뉘〯손〮ᄃᆡ〮 글〮 ᄇᆡ혼〮다〮?
     내〮 되〯 ᄒᆞᆨ〮다ᇰ의〮셔〮 글〮 ᄇᆡ호〮라〮.

     ně-y nwǔ-yswóntóy kúl pòyhwóntá?
     ná-y twǒy hóktàng-úysyé kúl pòyhwólá.

     Who did you learn to write from?
     I learned to write from a Han Chinese school.

3. (generally) barbarian

   Synonym: 오라ᇰ캐〮 (wòlàngkháy)

   • 1516, 二倫行實圖/이륜행실도 [Iryun Haengsildo], page 37a:

     듀ᇰ〮샤ᇰ이 되〯게 자피〮여 가〮 깁〯 일〮쳔 필 받고〮ᅀᅡ 노하〮 보내〮려 커늘〮 […]

     tywúngsyàng-i twǒy-kèy càphíyè ká kǐp ílchyèn phìl pàtkwózà nwòhá pwònáylyè khènúl

     Zhongxiang was captured by the barbarians , and they would release him only after receiving a thousand rolls of silk

• ⇒ Korean: 되강 (doegang)
• ⇒ Korean: 되놈 (doenom)

• 예〯 (yěy, “Japanese”)